Objective To observe whether theograde axial flow of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in diabetic rats at the early stage was damaged. Methods Diabetic model was induced by streptozotocin in 6 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats. Fluorogold (FG) was injected to the superior colliculi 4 weeks later.Streched preparation of retina was made 12 and 72 hours after the injection, and was stained after photographed by fluorescent microscope. The proportion of RGC with different sizes labeled by FG was calculated. Other 6 normal adult male SD rats were in the control group. Results Twelve hours after injection with FG, there was no difference of the total number of RGC in experimental and control group, but the ratio of small RGC was lower in experimental group than that in the control group; 72 hours after injection with FG, The number of RGC, especially the small RGC, decreased obviously in experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion The speed of the retrograde axial flow of RGC in diabetic rats at the early stage is affected, and the small RGC are damageable. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 4-6)
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Rhodiola on the rat retinal tissue morphology and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α at simulated hypoxia at different altitudes. Methods Forty-eight adult female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the Rhodiola Intervention group (intervention group) and the control group, each group had 24 rats. The intervention group rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 10 ml/kg of large plants Rhodiola solution, and the control group rats were injected with same volume of saline. One hour after the injection, six rats were randomly selected from both of the two groups and reared in the plateau environment simulation laboratory modules with the oxygen partial pressure of 17.4, 14.6, 11.3 and 7.4 kPa, which simulated the altitudes of 1500, 3000, 5000 and 8000 meters indoor respectively. Six hours later the rat eyeballs were harvested for paraffin sections and analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of HIF-1α and p53. ResultsIn the control group, the rat retinal layers were edema and loose, the retinal thickness increased, the retinal structure was disorganized, the ganglion cells were swollen and degenerated, and some can observe the karyopyknosis, karyolysis and the reduced cells number. As the altitude increased, the pathological changes of retinal became more obvious. In the intervention group, the characteristics of rat retinal morphology were same with the control group, while the degree of morphology changes was lighter than the control group. HIF-1α and p53 expressed mainly in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of rat retina in the control group. As altitude increased, the expression of HIF-1α and p53 were increased too, which was positive correlated (r=0.9846, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the rat retinal expression of HIF-1α increased, while expression of p53 decreased in the intervention group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). ConclusionRhodiola can reduce the retinal tissue pathology damage caused by high altitude hypoxia, and its mechanism may be related to the increasing expression of HIF-1α and reducing expression of p53.
Objective To observe the morphological changes of dendrite and soma in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which subsisted in early diabetic rats. Methods The RGCs of 3-months-course diabetic rats and coeval normal rats were marked by gene gun techniques. To collect RGCs photographs by Leica microscope with Z axis and CCD camera；to observe the changes of diameter, variance of structural features in dendritic field and somata after classification which according to the size and morphology. Thy-1 antibody marks on the retinal RGCs, taking a photograph under fluorescent microscope, counting the changes of retinal RGCs density in early diabetic rat. Results In three-month diabetic rats,the density of retinal RGCs was decreased obviously. Morphological changes of RGCs in the dendritic fields were observed with gene gun technique. There was no severe variation in all kinds of the bole of cell dendrite, in which some only showed crispation partially and sparseness also twisting in the dendritic ramus. The mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class A of diabetic rats was (401plusmn;86) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field in control group was (315plusmn;72) mu;m,compared with each other, there is statistically significant differences (t=21.249，Plt;0.001); the mean diameter of soma in class A of diabetic rats was (24plusmn;6) mu;m, the mean diameter of soma in control group was (22plusmn;5) mu;m, compared with each other, there is no statistically significant differences (t=0.927，Pgt;0.05); the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class B of diabetic rats were (170plusmn;36)、(14plusmn;2) mu;m respectively, in control group were (165plusmn;36)、(16plusmn;2) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class C of diabetic group were(265plusmn;78)、(17plusmn;5) mu;m respectively, in control group were (251plusmn;57)、(17plusmn;4) mu;m , compared with each other, there are on statistically significant differences(t=1.357，0.798，0.835，1.104，Pgt;0.05). Conclusions In short-term diabetes, the survived RGCs show good plasticity in adult diabetic rats, especially in class A. The changes of dendrites were more sensitive than the soma, which could be the leading index of the morphologic changes of RGCs in the early stage. The good plasticity showed by the RGCs and the time window from changing in dendrite to cell death provide us many evidences not only for the research but also for the nerve protection in clinic. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:249-254)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic aspect of basaloid squamous carcinoma （BSC）. Methods From July 2000 to May 2003, the clinical data of 1 257 documented cases that underwent potentially curative resection on esophageal carcinoma in our department were retrospectively analysed, and 18 cases of BSC （BSC group） were detected. And 54 cases of typical squamous carcinoma of esophagus（ESC） were randomly selected as control （ESC group）, to analyse the clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of BSC patients. Results The age of BSC group patients was higher than that of ESC group （61. 56 ± 7. 62 years vs. 56.11± 10. 58 years; t=-2. 012,P=0. 048）, and the ratio of T4 stage was much higher than that in ESC group （27.8% vs. 5.6%;x2= 6. 750, P= 0. 020）. The follow-up showed that, comparing with ESC group, the ratio of metastasis was higher（62.5% vs. 25.0%, P=0. 047）, and mean survival time（P〈0.05） was significantly shorter in patients of BSC group after curative resection. There were no statisticaly differences in patient gender （P = 0. 494）, or ratio of recurrence （P=0. 887） between two groups. Conclusion The BSC is a rare carcinoma involving esophagus, which occurs in elder patients. Both invasiveness and metastasis of BSC are more usual than those of typical ESC.
Objective To observe the effects of high concentr at ion glucose on the calcium-activated potassium channel of rabbits′ retinal Müller cells. Methods The rabbits′retinal Müller cells were cultured in vitro under the condition of high concentration glucose, and identified by immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. Patch-clamp technique was used to observe the changes of the calcium-activated potassium channel of retinal Müller cells caused by high concentration glucose at different time.Results High concentration glucose could inhibit the calcium-activated potassium channel of cultured retinal Müller cells in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion High concentration glucose may reduce the biological functions of Müller cells by inhibiting calcium-activated potassium channel. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：164-167)
Purpose To study changes of cell cycle of vascular endothelial cell in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods Alloxan induced Wistar-rats were employed and immunohistochemistry,Western blotting methods were used. Results The vascular endothelial cells of retinas of 8～20 weeks diabetic rats were observe to be cyclinD1,cyclinD3,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 positive stained with light and electronmicroscopies.CyclinE immuno-stained vascular endothelial cells was observed occasionally.Meanwhile,the evidences of morphologic changes of the vascular en dothelial cells were proved:less plasma,thinner cell,more bubble organelles than those of controls.But,the ultra-structures of pericytes and other type of retinal cells did not change and they also immunostain negative.Komas blue and Western blotting methods also proved that the vascular endothelial cells of retina of 20th week diabetic rats expressed cyclinD1,cyclinB1,p21 and p27 protein. Conclusion Glucose induced retinal vascular endothelial cells of 8～20th weeks diabetic rats enter cell cycle and were arrested at G1/S restriction point.This study also suggested that retinal vascular endothelial cells may possess the ability to resist glucose damage and mechanism of selfstability during very early stage of diabetes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:173-176)
Objective To investigate the features and main reasons of blindness induced by uveitis in China. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 1214 patients with uveitis, referring to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, with special respect to the incidence of blindness in different uveitis entities, the characteristics of blindness, and possible causes for the blindness. Results In the affected 1892 eyes of 1214 patients with uveitis, 355 eyes (18.83%) were blind. The mean age at the onset of blindness was 34.38 years and the gender ratio of male to female was 1.52:1. The blindness led by panuveitis was found in 248 eyes (26.27%), including 128 (51.61%) and 73 (29.44%) blind eyes caused by Behcet’s disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Complicated cataract, vitreous opacity and secondary glaucoma were responsible for the blindness of the patients with panuveitis［89(35.89%), 53 (21.37%), and 30 eyes (12.10%), respectively］. Blindness caused by anterior uveitis was noted in 79 eyes (10.73%) with the main reasons of complicated cataract ［56 eyes (70.89%)］and secondary glaucoma［16 eyes (20.25%)］, posterior uveitis in 15 eyes (15.63%) with the main reason of vitreous opacity ［9 eyes (60.00%)］, macular diseases in 3 eyes (20.00%), intermediate uveitis in 13 eyes (11.21%) with the main reasons of vitreous opacity［8 eyes (61.54%)］, and complicated cataract in 5 eyes (38.46%). Conclusions Uveitis is one of the important causes leading to blindness, especially in the young adults. Panuveitis, especially Behcet’s disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, are the most common entities responsible for blindness in patients with uveitis. Complicated cataract and secondary glaucoma are the main causes of blindness in uveitis. (Chin J O cul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 350-352)
Objective To observe the configuration and viability of full thickness human fetal retina after short-, mid- and long-term preservation. Methods Twenty-two full thickness human fetal retinae of gestational age of 12-24 weeks were coated by glutin and cut into 88 pieces, and then preserved in Ames' solution, DX solution, -80℃ refrigerator or under cryopreservation condition. The cell viability of retinal neuroepithelial layer was determined by trypan blue staining, retinal configuration was determined by light microscope and electromicroscope. Results The viability of neuroepithelial layer was (94.79plusmn;2.85) % in fresh fetal retina, gt;80% in Ames' solution within 4 hours, and gt;77% in DX solution within 2 days. There was no significant difference between those solution-preservations and the fresh fetal. In -80℃ refrigerator, the viability was (65.83plusmn;5.06)% after 7 days, and then dropped to (57.54plusmn;16.18)% at the end of the first month. Under the cryopreservation condition, the viability was (69.46plusmn;9.31)% at the end of first month. Light and transmission electron microscopy had not deteced any abnormals in the full thickness human fetal retina preserved in Ames' solution within 2 hours, but showed clear retinal layers with bigger intercellular space after preserved in DX solution for 2 days, in -80℃ refrigerator for 7 days and under cryopreservation condition for 1 month. Conclusion Ames' solution and DX solution can preserve good viability and configuration of full thickness human fetal retina in a certain time period.