Objective To determine the expression of the growth factors and the receptors related to angiogenesis in the intraocular tissues incarcerating in the sclerotomy sites. Methods Ten specimens from prolapsing intraocular tissues in sclerotomy sites during vitrectomy were obtained and serially sectioned in cryostate and were stained with a group of polyclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-A(PDGF-A) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) as well as their receptors by using a streptavidin peroxidase system. Results The tissues prolapsed from the sclerotomy sites were identified as retina(3 cases), vitreous tissues(3 cases), degenerated red blood cell components(2 cases), ciliary body(one case) and fibrous tissue(one case). All specimens expressed VEGF and bFGF as well as their receptors. PDGF-A, TGF-β1 and their receptors expressed in the most of specimens. The positive cells included retinal cells, ciliary non-pigmented epithelial cells and pigmented epithelial cells, fibrous cells and the cells in vitreous. Conclusions The intraocular tissues incarcerated in the sclerotomy entries express the growth factors and receptors related to angiogenesis. This might be one of the potential factors of developing anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 34-37)
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a pathological state caused by damage or disease to the somatosensory nervous system. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an orderly process of cell death regulated by both intrinsic signals and external stimuli. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that PCD plays a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of NP. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of various types of PCD and their specific roles in NP, in order to provide new research directions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of NP.
Objective To investigate the efficiency ofintracystic allograft fixed with bone plate and steel plate in management of long bone cyst merging pathologic fracture. Methods Twelve cases of long bone cysts with pathologic fractures were treated from January 1996 to April 2002. The median dimension of the cyst on the radiograph was 3.6 cm×8.1 cm. We regularly revealed the sites of cysts, cutthe anterior wall, got cystic membrane away, implanted allo-bone fibula, ulna or radius shafts which were defatted and deproteined. The auto-bone and the alloboneof all cases were fixed with bone plate and steel plate; external fixation was managed for 3 weeks after operation. Results All incisionsachieved primary healing. All cases were followed up 2.7 years on average. According to Capanna’s standard, 9 cases completely healed, 3 cases basically healed, no cases recurred. The function in shoulder joint was slightly limited in 2 cases that cysts were located on the upper humerus, while that of the other 10 cases were recovered completely. Conclusion Intracystic allograft fixed with bone plate and steel plate is safe and effective in management of long bone cyst merging pathologic fracture.
ObjectiveTo observe the macular choroidal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) thickness in tilted disc syndrome (TDS). MethodsThis is a descriptive study. Thirty eyes of 22 TDS patients (TDS group) and 30 eyes of 15 normal subjects (control group) were analyzed. Among TDS group, there were 8 males (11 eyes) and 14 females (19 eyes), the average age was (9.00±2.78) years old. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3-1.0, and the average spherical equivalent degree was (-3.44±2.22) DS. Among the control group, there were 8 males (16 eyes) and 7 females (14 eyes), the average age was (9.33±1.11) years old. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)≥1.0, and the average spherical equivalent degree was (-3.18±1.13)DS. The difference of the spherical equivalent degree between two groups was not statistically significant (t=-1.648, P=0.110). Enhanced depth imaging techniques of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the thickness of choroid and RPE at totally 17 sites. There sites included subfoveal, 4 sites each (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μm from the fovea) at the horizontal (nasal/temple) and vertical (superior/inferior) directions. ResultsThe subfoveal choroidal thickness was (235.53±51.77) μm and (273.45±60.3) μm in TDS patients and control respectively, the difference was significant(t=-2.612,P=0.011). The difference of the choroidal thickness of the other 8 horizontal sites (F=24.180) and 8 vertical sites (F=23.390) in TDS group was statistically significant (P=0.000). The TDS choroidal thickness of all horizontal sites except nasal 1000 μm site was thinner than corresponding sites of the control group (P<0.05). The TDS choroidal thickness of the subfoveal site and 4 inferior vertical sites was thinner than corresponding sites of the control group (P<0.05). The subfoveal RPE thickness was (32.56±5.00) μm and (36.58±3.60) μm in TDS patients and control respectively, the difference was significant(t=-3.567,P=0.001). The subfoveal RPE thickness was the thickest among other 16 sites in both groups, and the TDS RPE thickness of all sites was thinner than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe choroidal and RPE thickness of TDS patient was thinner than normal subjects.
Objective To exploere the effectiveness and advantages of elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) combined with curettage and graft for the treatment of benign lesions of humerus complicating by pathological fracture in children. Methods ESIN internal fixation combined with curettage and graft was used to treat benign lesions of the humerus complicating by pathological fracture in 11 children patients between January 2007 and January 2011. Of 11 patients, 7 were boy and 4 were girl, aged from 5 to 14 years (mean, 9.4 years). The disease duration ranged from 2 to 14 days (mean, 6 days). All fractures were closed fracture, which locations were the proximal humerus in 6 cases, the humeral shaft in 4 cases, and the distal humerus in 1 case; benign lesions of the humerus included aneurysmal bone cyst in 1 case, simple bone cyst in 7 cases, and fibrous dysplasia in 3 cases. Based on imaging studies, preoperative diagnosis was almost clear. The time from hospitalization to operation was 3-5 days Results Healing of incision by first intention was obtained in all cases, with no infection. The mean follow-up was 25.6 months (range, 12-36 months). All patients achieved pain relief at 6 weeks postoperatively and fractures healed completely at 3 to 4 months after operation (mean, 3.3 months). No recurrence or re-fracture was observed during follow-up. The ESIN was removed at 10-14 months after operation (mean, 12.5 months). The lesion disappeared completely in 8 cases and partially in 3 cases. No pain of affected limb or motion limitation of shoulder and elbows was observed. One patient had limb shortening of 2 cm at last follow-up, but he had no function problem. According to Neer shoulder and Mayo elbow function scores, the results were excellent in 11 cases. Conclusion It is a good method to treat benign lesions of the humerus complicating by pathological fracture in children to use ESIN internal fixation combined with curettage and graft. After only a single operation intervention, it can provide early mechanical stability and rapid fracture healing and allow early rehabilitation exercise.
ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) in the treatment of type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) with different types of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From June 2018 to June 2021, 42 patients with 42 eyes of nAMD type 1 MNV patients with different types of PED diagnosed in the ophthalmological examination of the Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command were included in the study. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT examination was performed with a 3D-OCT 2000 instrument from Topcon Company in Japan. The fovea was scanned, and the PED height (PEDH), PED area (PEDA), PED volume (PEDV), and central foveal thickness (CFT) were measured. According to the OCT image features of PED, the affected eyes were divided into serous PED (sPED), fibrovascular PED (fPED), and hemorrhagic PED (hPED), and were grouped accordingly. Among the 42 eyes, 16 (38.1%, 16/42), 14 (33.3%, 14/42), and 12 (28.6%, 12/42) eyes were in the sPED group, fPED group, and hPED group, respectively. All patients received IVC treatment once a month for 3 consecutive months, and then on-demand treatment after assessment. BCVA and OCT were re-examined 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and the changes of BCVA, PEDH, PEDA, PEDV, and CFT in the affected eyes before and after treatment were compared, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. ResultsAt 12 months after treatment, the PEDH, PEDA and PEDV of the affected eyes in the sPED group, fPED group and hPED group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in the degree of improvement was －318.67±258.09 μm, －6.50±6.33 μm2, －1.95±1.78 μm3 in the hPED group; －119.31±224.13 μm, －0.86 ±5.00 μm2, －0.56±1.64 μm3 in the sPED group; fPED group were －53.93±92.51 μm, －0.76±2.54 μm2, －0.19±0.46 μm3. The improvement degree of the affected eyes in hPED group was significantly greater than that in sPED group and fPED group, and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.918, 6.029, 5.494; P＜0.05). Compared with the BCVA and CFT before treatment, 12 months after treatment, the difference was statistically significant in the fPED group and the hPED group (P＜0.05); there was no significant improvement in the sPED group (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the BCVA of the affected eyes in the three groups compared with those before treatment (F=0.817, 0.741, 0.848; P＞0.05). ConclusionConbercept can effectively improve or stabilize the visual function and anatomical morphology of eyes with type 1 MNV in nAMD with sPED, fPED and hPED, among which the anatomical effect is better for hPED.
Axon guidance molecules, slit glycoprotein (Slit) and Roundabout receptors (Robo) were firstly identified in the central neural system of Drosophila melanogaster. The Slit-Robo signal plays a crucial role in axon guidance, inflammation, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, of which the role of Slit2-Robo pathway in angiogenesis has drawn a greater attention and still remains conflicting. Herein, we provide a review on the role of Slit2-Robo pathway in ocular angiogenesis and vascularization of other organs and systems. We hope this review will be the basis of further study on the mechanism of Slit2-Robo signaling on angiogenesis and provide new target for the therapy on ocular vascular disease
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the acetabular reconstruction surgery in children pathological dislocation of the hip joint. Methods Between January 2006 and January 2011, 59 patients (59 hips) with pathological dislocation were treated by open reduction combined with acetabular reconstruction surgery. There were 22 boys and 37 girls, aged from 1 to 15 years (mean, 4.9 years). There were 9 cases of hip subluxation and 50 cases of hip joint dislocation, which were caused by suppurative arthritis of the hip (33 cases) and tuberculosis of the hip (26 cases). The diseases duration ranged from 1 month to 10 years. At preoperation Harris hip score was 43-78 (mean, 61); 14 cases had normal acetabular index (AI), 32 cases had slightly increased AI, and 13 cases had significantly increased AI. The concomitant diseases included acetabular destruction in 28 cases; avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 25 cases, femoral head partial defect in 12 cases, femoral head complete defect in 6 cases, and femoral head and neck defects in 3 cases; 25 cases had increased anteversion angle; and 9 cases had varus deformity. Results Immediately postoperative X-ray films showed center reduction in all the hips. Healing of incision by first intention was achieved in 55 cases, and delayed healing in 4 cases. Fifty-three children were followed up 2 to 5 years (mean, 3 years). No re-dislocation of the hip occurred during follow-up. Thirty-eight cases had normal AI, 15 cases had slightly increased AI. The anteversion angle was 15-25 ° (mean, 20 ° ); the neck shaft angle was 110-140 ° (mean, 125 ° ); and the anatomical relation between the head and neck returned to normal. After 2 years, 18 cases had normal function of the hip joint; 30 cases had mild limitation of flexion and rotation; and 5 cases had fibrous ankylosis. The Harris hip score was 62-95 (mean, 87). Conclusion Pathological dislocation caused by neonatal acute suppurative arthritis of the hip and the hip joint tuberculosis is often associated with severe bone destruction and deformity of the acetabular and femoral head and neck. Treatment should strictly follow the principle of individual. Proper acetabular reconstruction should be selected according to pathological changes of the hip; if combined with the femoral head and neck reconstruction processing, the satisfactory results can be obtained.
Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the effectiveness of eosinophil ic granuloma (EG) of long bones in children. Methods Between January 2005 and December 2009, 14 patients with EG of long bones were treated. There were 9 boys and 5 girls, aged from 1 to 13 years (mean, 6.5 years). The locations were femur in 5 cases, humerus in 4 cases, tibia in 2 cases, fibula in 1 case, and femur compl icated with tibia in 2 cases. The disease duration was7 days to 10 months (median, 2 months). X-ray films showed that osteolytic destruction had clear boundary, which did notinvolve the epi physeal plate. Of 14 cases, 12 cases of tumor were treated by curettage, autologous il iac bone or combined artificial bone graft repair, and 2 cases were treated by resection, autologous il iac reconstruction, plate and screw fixation. Five cases compl icated with pathological fracture underwent reduction and fixation. Results All cases were diagnosed pathologically as having EG. All incisions healed by first intention. A total of 12 patients were followed up 1 to 4 years (mean, 2 years). The X-ray films showed tumor focus and pathological fracture healed within 3 to 4 months (mean, 3.5 months). Tibial lesion was found in 1 case of femoral tumor after 8 months, and was curred after reoperation. No recurrence occurred in other 11 cases. According to comprehensive assessing standard of X-ray film and joint function, the results of all cases were excellent. Conclusion EG of long bones in children is more common in the femur and humerus. Tumor curettage and autologous il iac bone graft repair is an effective method, and postoperative prognosis is good. There may be multiple lesions, so long-term follow-up is needed.