目的 了解医院感染现患率及危险因素，及时调整医院感染预防控制措施。 方法 医院感染管理专职人员与临床医师共同调查2010年12月15日0：00～24：00所有住院患者，查阅病历和床旁调查相结合，填写统一的现患率调查个案登记表和床旁调查表，对调查结果进行统计分析。 结果 医院感染现患率2.49%；科室主要分布在综合重症监护病房（ICU）和内三科（肿瘤和内分泌专业）；部位主要分布在下呼吸道、泌尿道、血液；导管相关感染有增加趋势，不合理使用抗菌药物问题较突出。 结论 综合ICU和内三科是新津县人民医院的重点科室；下呼吸道、泌尿道、中心静脉置管部位是重点部位；侵袭类操作及不合理使用抗菌药物是危险因素；该院医院感染预防控制工作重点：加强导管相关感染监测，增加耐药菌监测，加强对综合ICU、内三科的管理，加强对侵袭性操作及合理使用抗菌药物的管理，提高病原学送检率。
ObjectiveTo learn the current situation and feature of nosocomial infection (NI), so as to provide reference for making the prevention measures. MethodsPrevalence rate of nosocomial infection in patients hospitalized on December 18, 2012 was investigated by the combination of bed-side examination and medical record checking. ResultsA total of 1 083 patients were surveyed, and the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 6.00%. Intensive Care Unit had the highest NI prevalence (28.57%), followed by Hematology Department (20.00%) and Neurosurgery Department (20.00%). Lower respiratory tract (38.46%) was the main infection site, followed by superficial surgical incision (13.85%). The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 30.56%, and 40 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Klebsiella pneumonia (15.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) and Escherichia coli (10.0%) were the main ones. ConclusionTarget monitoring management of key departments and key sites should be strengthened, and the management of antimicrobial agents should be stressed and invasive procedures should be decreased.
目的 为贯彻落实卫生部《医院感染管理办法》、《抗菌药物合理应用指导原则》，了解成都三六三医院医院感染的现状，对医院感染控制工作进行评价，提高医务人员的感染控制意识。 方法 制定统一调查方案与措施，逐一查看2011年9月21日全院住院患者在架病历，对全院住院患者通过床旁询问和体检的方式进行调查。 结果 全院共有住院患者621例，实查621例，实查率100%。发生医院感染19例，现患率为3.06%。抗生素使用率46.38%。病原学送检率21.88%。 结论 加强医务人员医院感染知识的培训是提高其医院感染防控意识的重要手段；提高感染患者病原学送检率，减少经验性用药，依据药敏结果合理使用抗生素，达到有效减少耐药菌产生的目的。
ObjectiveTo know the situation of nosocomial infection in 2014 in a western region hospital, in order to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection control and management. MethodWe selected the patients on August 14th in 2014 during the time from 00:00 to 24:00 as our study subjects. Bedside investigation and medical records investigation were combined to study the cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection. We completed the questionnaire, and used statistical methods to count related data about nosocomial infections and community-acquired infections. ResultsA total of 1 908 patients were investigated. The nosocomial infection prevalence rate was 4.45%, and the community-acquired infection prevalence rate was 29.09%. The highest prevalence of nosocomial infection department was the Intensive Care Unit (38.10%); the top three surgical systems were Thoracic Surgery (18.67%), General Surgery (16.67%), and Neurosurgery (10.53%), and the top three medical systems were Endocrinology (11.11%), Neurology (6.67%), and Infectious Diseases Department (5.88%). The top three community-acquired infections occurred in Pediatrics Department (non-neonatal group) (95.37%), Burn surgery (92.31%), and Respiratory Medicine (86.46%). The main infection site for both nosocomial and community-acquired infection was lower respiratory tract (58.24%). Pathogens were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hospital and community-acquired infection bacterial spectrum were consistent. And the rate of antibiotics use was 40.82%, in which 126 patients used for prevention (6.60%), and 599 patients used for treatment (31.39%). For patients using the drugs for treatment, bacterial culture submission rate was 80.71%, and the positive rate was 43.78%. ConclusionsThe prevalence of nosocomial infection is reliable, which provides a data support for nosocomial infection prevention and control.
Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in comprehensive hospitals with a number of beds≥900, and provide a reference for the next step in formulating HAI prevention and control measures. Methods The data on the prevalence rate of HAI in comprehensive hospitals with a number of beds≥900 of Yunnan Province between 2020 and 2022 were retrospective collected. The HAI situation and trend in each year were analyzed. Results A total of 119 comprehensive hospitals were included, with 166 745 patients surveyed and 3 237 cases of HAI. Lower respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection were the most common sites. The department with the highest incidence of hospital infections was the intensive care unit, followed by neurosurgery and hematology. The prevalence rates of HAI showed a downward trend from 2020 to 2022 (2.08% vs. 1.99% vs. 1.79%, χ2=14.301, P<0.001). A total of 1 315 strains of hospital-acquired pathogens were detected, all of which were mainly Gram-negative bacteria, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being more common. The rate of antibiotics use and the rate of pathogen testing showed an upward trend from 2020 to 2022 (χ2=79.233, 23.866, P<0.001), the infection rate of incision site and the prophylactic use rate of antimicrobial drugs in patients with class Ⅰ surgery both showed a decreasing trend (χ2=15.551, 6.311, P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of infection in comprehensive hospitals of Yunnan Province is decreasing. But the supervision of key departments, the implementation of pathogen prevention and control measures, and the rational use of antibiotics in inpatients are still the focus of future work.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University and to analyze the implementation effect of nosocomial infection control measures, so as to provide reference for infection control.MethodsAn investigation of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was performed on patients who were admitted in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 0:00-24:00 on a day of every late June from 2012 to 2018 by using bedside investigation in combination with inpatient medical record query, and the data was verified, summarized, and statistically analyzed by the professionals of Nosocomial Infection Management Department.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2018, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were 5.19%, 4.20%, 3.94%, 4.26%, 4.29%, 4.25%, and 2.97% in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, which tended to decline (χ2=32.826, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in annual total infection rate in the Department of Internal Medicine, however, the infection rate in the Department of Hematology tended to decline (χ2=6.127, P<0.05); in the Department of Surgical Medicine, the total infection rate tended to decline(χ2=18.721, P<0.001); in particular, the infection rate in the Department of Thoracic Surgery tended to decline(χ2=3.906, P<0.05); the annual difference in infection rate in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was not statistically significant. The key site of nosocomial infection was dominated by the lower respiratory tract, and the annual difference was not statistically significant. In particular, postoperative pneumonia has increased since 2014 (χ2=9.56, P=0.002). The nosocomial pathogens which had the highest constituent ratio over the years were Acinetobacter baumannii (in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018), Klebsiella pneumonia (in 2015), and Escherichia coli (in 2016). The annual difference in rate of antimicrobial use was not statistically significant(χ2=3.75, P=0.053), while the rate of antimicrobial use in the ICU tended to decline (χ2=30.42, P=0.000).ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University tends to decline. However, sufficient attention still requires to be paid to lower respiratory tract infection, particularly for patients with postoperative pneumonia.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of hospital infection, so as to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection prevention and control. MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013, according to the criteria of diagnosis of nosocomial infections set up by the Ministry of Health, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in patients who were hospitalized on the survey day were investigated by the combination of bedside investigation and medical records checking. ResultsThe incidence rates of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2013 were 2.99%, 2.31% and 1.95%, respectively, presenting a downward trend. The rate of hospital infection was the highest in comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, and the main infection site was the lower respiratory tract. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing hospital infections, including Klebliella pnermoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The utilization rates of antibacterial agents in these three years were respectively 39.84%, 34.58% and 34.22%. ConclusionTargeted surveillance and management of key departments and sites should be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and management of antibiotics, raise the submission rate of pathogens, and use antibiotics appropriately.
目的 了解医院感染情况，对医院感染控制工作进行评价，为医院感染控制措施提供依据，提高医务人员的感染控制意识。 方法 采用横断面调查的方法，于2012年8月21日进行医院感染现患率调查，将调查结果进行分类、统计、分析。 结果 应查住院患者1 383例，实查1 378例，实查率99.64%，现患率3.41%。医院感染下呼吸道感染占53.19%，泌尿道感染占25.53%，手术部位感染占4.26%，调查当日抗菌药物使用率20.90%。 结论 通过医院感染现患率调查，可快捷地获得全院医院感染的情况，为医院感染防控工作提供依据。
Objective To understand the current rate of nosocomial infection and its changing trend in a grade A comprehensive hospital in 10 years, and to provide scientific basis for the monitoring, control and management of nosocomial infection. Methods Using the method of cross-sectional survey, the inpatients in Mianyang Central Hospital from 2011 to 2020 were selected for bedside survey, and the questionnaire was filled in after review of medical records. The data of cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection were collected, and the infection-related data of nosocomial and community-acquired infection of patients in each department were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 19 595 cases were investigated. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 3.79%, and the the case prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 4.04%. The prevalence of community-acquired infection was 33.44%, and the case prevalence rate of community-acquired infection was 35.30%. The departments with higher prevalence rate in nosocomial infection were intensive care unit, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery and hematology. The departments with high prevalence rate in the community-acquired infection were burn department, pediatrics department, neonatology department, respiratory medicine department and pediatric intensive care unit. The most common site of nosocomial infection was lower respiratory tract infection, followed by upper respiratory tract sensation, urinary tract, abdominal tissue and blood. The main pathogens of nosocomial infections were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The utilization rate of antibacterial drugs was 42.93%. There was a downward trend in prophylactic drug use, mainly one drug combination, and the proportion of combination drug decreased.Conclusion Through the investigation, it can be seen that the key points of nosocomial infection management and prevention and control should be lower respiratory tract infection, postoperative surgical infection, multi-drug resistant bacteria management and rational use of antibiotics.
ObjectiveTo compare the point prevalence of nosocomial infection in a comprehensive hospital between 2014 and 2015, and to put forward prevention and control measures so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection. MethodsBy means of reviewing electronical medical records and beside investigation, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infection in patients hospitalized on June 4, 2014 and June 16, 2015 were investigated. Data were collected by a uniform questionnaire and analyzed by Excel 2007 and SPSS 18.0. ResultsThe nosocomial infection rates in those two time points were respectively 4.51% and 3.21% without a significant difference (χ2=2.246, P=0.134). Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Orthopedics were listed in the top five in terms of nosocomial infection rate for two consecutive years. The nosocomial infection sites were mainly lower respiratory tract, and a total of 64 strains were detected including mainly G? bacteria accounting for 76.6%. Antimicrobial agent usage covered 34.05% and 33.33% at those two time points. The purpose was mainly for therapy, and the pathogenic bacteria specimen detection rate was 68.06% and 59.73%, without statistically significant difference (χ2=0.114, 3.311; P>0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of nosocomial infection in this hospital is at average national level but higher than the average level in Sichuan Province. Infection surveillance, prevention and control measures should be strengthened in key departments and key infection sites, and antimicrobial agent should be rationally used so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.