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经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药人体药物代谢动力学研究实施体会

经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药的药物制剂日趋增多，通常具有血药浓度低，容易发生沾染，药物吸收入血迅速等特点，根据口、鼻腔给药的特点及影响因素，确保给药剂量的标准化，防止药物沾染是实现此类方式给药的重要问题。结合工作实践，现就经口、鼻腔给药制剂人体药物代谢动力学研究过程中的注意事项予以讨论交流，以供参考。

重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎护理体会

目的总结重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的临床护理方法及疗效。 方法对2008年1月－2013年12月收治的52例重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的护理措施和效果进行回顾性分析。 结果52例患者中治愈34例，好转14例，自动出院2例，死亡2例，治愈好转率92.3%，病死率3.8%。 结论良好的护理措施可改善重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的预后。

容积输液泵在新药Ⅰ期临床试验中的应用及其护理要点

静脉制剂新药的Ⅰ期临床试验对受试者的给药常常有严格的要求，特别是药物代谢动力学研究，要求同批受试者须在相同的规定时间内匀速输入含相同药物剂量、浓度的等量液体，而容积输液泵的应用为试验顺利实施提供了有力的保障。现就2005年1月以来，开展10项运用容积输液泵给药的Ⅰ期药物代谢动力学研究所取得的经验，重点分析Ⅰ期临床试验中容积输液泵的操作方法和运用过程中的护理工作要点。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者吸气峰流速影响因素的研究进展

Influence of Drug Repercussion by Pediatric Hospital Inpatients on Nursing Work

ObjectiveTo explore the appropriate intervention measures to reduce the influence of drug repercussion by pediatric hospital inpatients on nursing work. MethodBetween March 1st and 28th, 2014, statistical analysis on the characteristics of pediatric drug-return by drug repercussion questionnaires was carried out. ResultsEach drug repercussion took much time of the nurses (median of 5.00 minutes per time). The frequency of drug repercussion in the internal medicine department was more than that in the surgical department; the most drug repercussions were found in the respiratory medicine department, reaching 26.84%. The main category of drug repercussion was aerosolized medication (39.32%). The drug repercussion mainly resulted from lack of patients' education and doctor-related administration, which had a proportion of 31.44% and 27.19%, respectively. ConclusionsThe wards which have more drug repercussions should be under the supervision according to the analysis of drug repercussion. Meanwhile, improving patients' education and training of medical staff can reduce the pediatric hospital inpatients' drug repercussion and also may reduce the bad effects on nursing work.

Implications of iCHECK-DH for implementation reports on digital health technologies

To standardize and improve the reporting quality of digital health implementation research, the Geneva Digital Health Hub has developed the guidelines and checklist for reporting digital health implementations (iCHECK-DH). This paper introduces the background of iCHECK-DH and based on practical application experiences, emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. It focuses on economic cost-effectiveness and local policy guidance in the clinical implementation of digital health technologies. This will provide valuable insights for Chinese scholars when writing implementation reports on digital health technologies.

健康教育对无症状HIV感染者生存质量影响的探讨

目的：调查与评价无症状HIV感染者生存质量，分析健康教育对该类患者生存质量的影响，探讨对无症状HIV感染者进行健康教育方法。方法：以世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-REF)为评价标准，对20例无症状HIV感染者生存质量进行评价，然后对上述患者进行为期6月的健康教育(每月1次)后再次评价其生存质量，另选取20例健康人群为对照。结果：无症状HIV感染者生存质量明显低于健康人群。健康教育后HIV感染者生存质量明显改善。结论：无症状HIV感染者生存质量普遍较低，定期健康教育有助改善该类人群生存质量，故应进一步探讨对该类人群进行健康教育的方法。

Investigation on Health Education Demands of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the needs for health education in chronic hepatitis B patients, in order to provide a theoretical basis for taking pertinent nursing intervention. MethodsBetween July and December 2011, self-made questionnaires on the needs for health education were used to investigate 70 in-patients with chronic hepatitis B. Meanwhile, factors associated with the needs of health education such as age, education, and the course of the disease were also analyzed. ResultsThe differences in the needs of health education were statistically significant among patients with different cultures, ages, and courses of disease (P<0.01). The needs of health education were correlated with culture, age and courses of disease. ConclusionThere are some deficiencies in the health education for chronic hepatitis B patients. In clinical practice, health education should be multidimensional and continuous based on the age, education degree and the course of the disease.

Key Points of Nursing in Phase Ⅰ Clinical Tolerance Trial of Intravenous Formulation

目的　总结静脉制剂Ⅰ期临床耐受性试验中的护理要点。方法　2011年10月－12月，采用随机、盲法、安慰剂平行对照试验设计，在健康志愿者中按剂量递增原则，逐组完成8个剂量单次静脉滴注给药耐受性试验。 结果　试验顺利完成。静脉制剂的Ⅰ期耐受性试验中，研究护士在临床试验前需认真学习试验方案，做好试验病房、监护急救设施设备的充分准备，针对可能出现的不良反应制定切实可行的处理预案，试验过程中密切监测，对出现的不良反应做好救治工作。特别针对静脉制剂，须做好受试者的心理疏导，保证静脉穿刺一次成功，减少受试者因情绪紧张、穿刺疼痛等因素干扰对试验药物耐受性的评价。 结论　Ⅰ期临床耐受性试验实施前准备充分，试验过程中为受试者提供良好的试验环境和心理护理，提高静脉穿刺一次成功率，密切监测，可使试验过程顺利，并获得客观、准确的试验结果。

医技专业学生医院感染控制与职业防护试卷评价分析

【摘要】　目的　分析评估四年制医技专业医院感染控制与职业防护考试试卷的质量。　方法　应用相关试卷分析软件，对64名医技专业学生——医院感染控制与职业防护期末考试试卷进行统计分析。　结果　64名学生中，最高分为86.00，最低分为49.50，平均分为67.70，及格率为82.80%；全部学生考试成绩为49.50～86.00（67.69±8.74）分，基本在正常范围；全套试卷全客观题难度为0.69，区分度为0.15；非全客观题难度为0.68，区分度为0.22，信度为0.72。学生考试失分情况为：单项选择题19.90%、是非判析题22.90%、名词解释29.70%、简答题50.00%。　结论　此套试卷质量符合教学大纲要求；客观题比例较大，难度较高；区分度尚可，信度可靠。客观地评价了学生对此课程的掌握程度，但学生分析归纳能力需要加强。【Abstract】　Objective　To examine and evaluate the final test paper of nosocomial infection control and prevention of occupational exposure for four-year medical technology undergraduate students.　Methods　We used paper analysis software to perform statistical analysis for the results of the final test paper of nosocomial infection control and prevention of occupational exposure for 64 students of medical technology.　Results　Of the 64 students, the highest score was 86.00, the lowest score was 49.50, and the average score was 67.70 with a passing rate of 82.80%. The test scores were between 49.50 to 86.00 (67.69±8.74), presenting a normal distribution. The difficulty degree of items with all objective questions was 0.69 with a discrimination of 0.15; and the difficulty degree of other items was 0.68 with a discrimination of 0.22 and a reliability of 0.72. The rates of point loss in the examination were 19.90% for single choice questions, 22.90% for true or false analysis, 29.70% for glossary, and 50.00% for questions demanding for brief answers.　Conclusion　Overall, this set of papers is consistent with national teaching guideline with a large proportion of relatively difficult objective questions. The discrimination and reliability are acceptable in evaluating students’ ability objectively. However, students’ capacity of analyzing and summarizing still needs to be strengthened in the future.