摘要:目的:探讨关节镜微创手术对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的诊断和治疗价值。方法:本组12例,男7例,女5例,年龄18～46岁,平均33岁;病史2～60个月,平均16个月;其中左膝8例,右膝4例;初次就诊11例,外院开放手术后复发1例。所有病例术前均行MRI检查,并行关节镜检,滑膜切除,记录该病在关节镜下的表现形式(局灶型或弥漫型),样本全部送病理检查。术后加压包扎、局部冰敷并按计划功能锻炼,术后3～4周行患膝放射治疗。结果:本组12例,其中局灶性病例8例,弥漫性4例,术后病理检查确诊;所有病例获得了3~21个月,平均13个月随访,未见复发;术前Lysholm评分(62.3±2.4)分;国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分(56.4±31)分;术后3月复查Lysholm评分(82.5±3.2)分;IKDC主观评分(85.3±2.5)分。除1例开放手术后复发病例术后3月膝关节屈曲受限(80°)外,其余患者功能良好。结论:关节镜手术创伤小,显露充分,病灶切除彻底,术后功能恢复理想,辅以放射治疗可有效降低复发率,对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎具有较高的诊治价值。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment in knee joint pigmented villonodular synovitis. Methods: 12 cases of knee joint pigmented villonodular synovitis with the age of 18 to 46 years old were treated with arthroscopical synovectomy with a combined application of postoperative exercise and radiotherapy. The history of disease was 2 to 60 months, with the mean of 16 months. The clinical data were reviewed when followedup and evaluated by Lysholm score and and IKDC score. Results: 12 patients diagnosed by pathologic examination,including 8 localized and 4 diffused, were followed up for 3 to 21 months(13 months on average)with no relapses at the time of followup. Lysholm score was (62.3±2.4)points preoperatively, but (82.5±3.2) points 3 months later.The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was (56.4±3.1) and (85.3±2.5) respectively before surgery and 3 months later. All patient remained good functions of knee joints except one who relapsed after open operation. Conclusion:In case of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint, arthroscopical synovectomy combined with postoperative radiotherapy and physical exercise is an effective treatment with less invasion and better function than open operation.
From March. 1987 to March. 1989,we have treated 8cases of children with avascular necrosis of the femoral headby synovectomy of the hip and lateral circumflex femoralartery pedicled iliac bone graft to the femoral neck. Satisfac- tory therapeutic results were achived. The advantages of thisoperation are : 1. the microcirculation of the femoral headwas improved-by intraarticular decompression. 2. the venouspressure decreased by osteotomy at femoral head and neck.3. iliac bone graft can prevent femoral head coiiapsc.4.the blood supply of the femoral head was recstablished by vascularized iliac bone gredt.
Objective To explore the method and outcome of knee resurfacing arthroplasty in treating late-staged diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). Methods Between November 2002 and May 2009, 11 cases of late-staged diffuse PVNS were treated, including 3 males and 8 females with an average age of 51.2 years (range, 42-63 years). The diseaseduration was 2.5-10.0 years (mean, 5.2 years). Unilateral knee was involved in all patients, including 7 left knees and 4 right knees. Nine patients had a history of trauma and 2 cases had no obvious inducing factors. The range of motion was (90.1 ± 17.2)° and Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) was 68.9 ± 8.7. After synovectomy, knee resurfacing arthroplasty was performed in all patients. Results Superficial infection of the incision occurred in 1 case at 6 days postoperatively and was cured after debridement; other incisions healed by first intention. Limited flexion and extension, incomplete palsy of common peroneal nerve, and deep venous thrombosis occurred in 1 case respectively, and were cured or improved after symptomatic treatment. All the 11 cases were followed up 38 months on median (range, 13 to 102 months). Two cases developed chronic pain and were not given treatment. Recurrence occurred in 1 case 12 months postoperatively and recovered after synovectomy again. X-ray films showed no signs of loosening, sinking, and bone destruction. At last follow-up, the range of motion was (109.1 ± 18.6)° and HSS score was 86.7 ± 9.3, showing significant differences when compared with those before operation (P lt; 0.05). According to the HSS score system, the results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3, fair in 1, bad in 1, and the excellent and good rate was 81.8%. Conclusion A combination of knee resurfacing arthroplasty and synovectomy for the treatment of late-staged diffuse PVNS is able to get a good cl inical results in restoration of function, improvememt of the l ife quality, and decrease of recurrence rate.
ObjectiveTo explore the conditions of synovial derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) differentiating into the fibrocartilage cells by using the orthogonal experiment. MethodsThe synovium was harvested from 5 adult New Zealand white rabbits, and SMSCs were separated by adherence method. The flow cytometry and multidirectional differentiation method were used to identify the SMSCs. The conditions were found from the preliminary experiment and literature review. The missing test was carried out to screen the conditions and then 12 conditions were used for the orthogonal experiment, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), dexamethasone (DEX), proline, ascorbic acid (ASA), pyruvic acid, insulin+transferrin+selenious acid pre-mixed solution (ITS), bovin serum albumin (BSA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), intermittent hydraulic pressure (IHP), bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). The L60 (212) orthogonal experiment was designed using the SPSS 18.0 with 2 level conditions and the cells were induced to differentiate on the small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-3D scaffold. The CD151+/CD44+ cells were detected with the flow cytometry and then the differentiation rate was recorded. The immumohistochemical staining, cellular morphology, toluidine blue staining, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR examination for the gene expressions of sex determining region Y (SRY) -box 9 gene (Sox9), aggrecan gene (AGN), collagen type I gene (Col I), collagen type Ⅱ gene (Col Ⅱ), collagen type IX gene (Col IX) were used for result confirmation. The differentiation rate was calculated as the product of CD151/CD44+ cells and cells with Col I high expression. The grow curve was detected with the DNA abundance using the PicoGreen Assay. The visual observation and the variances analysis among the variable were used to evaluate the result of the orthogonal experiment, 1 level interaction was considered. The q-test and the least significant difference (LDS) were used for the variance analysis with a type Ⅲ calibration model. The test criteria (α) was 0.05. ResultsThe cells were certified as SMSCs, the double-time of the cells was 28 hours. During the differentiation into the fibrocartilage, the volume of the SIS-3D scaffold enlarged double every 5 days. The scaffolds were positively stained by toluidine blue at 14 days. The visual observation showed that high levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 were optimum for the differentiation, and BMP-7 showed the interaction with BMP-2. The conditions of DEX, ASA, ITS, transferrin, bFGF showed decreasing promotional function by degrees, and the model showed the perfect relevance. P value was 0.000 according to the variance analysis. The intercept analysis showed different independent variables brought about variant contribution; the TGF-β1, ASA, bFGF, IGF, and BMP-7 were more remarkable, which were similar to the visual observation. ConclusionIn the process of the SMSCs differentiation into the fibrocartilage, the concentrations of TGF-β1, ASA, bFGF, and IGF reasonably can improve the conversion rate of the fibrocartilage cells. The accurate conditions of the regulatory factor should be explored further.
【摘要】 目的 探讨儿童急性髋关节一过性滑膜炎(transient synovitis of the hip,TSH)的临床分期及疗效评价。方法 回顾分析2002年1月—2009年12月收治的1 021例单侧急性TSH患儿,其中男804例,女217例；年龄2~12岁。根据病程、临床症状和体征、影像学检查进行临床分期,共分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ 4期。其中Ⅰ期199例,Ⅱ期334例,Ⅲ期467例,Ⅳ期21例。根据不同的临床分期,采用制动、牵引、局部理疗及药物等方法进行治疗。〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗 1 021例获随访6个月～8年。治疗后1 002例患儿的临床症状和体征消失,髋关节功能完全恢复正常,无并发症。15例反复发作者根据不同的临床分期进行相应的治疗。4例发展为Perthes病者行手术治疗。结论 TSH临床分期有助于对病情正确判断,指导临床治疗,促进髋关节功能恢复。及时恰当治疗可避免病程迁延、恶化,改善预后。
Objective To study the effects of the periosteum，synovium andcartilage tissues on the gene expressions of proteoglycan, collagen Ⅱ, andnuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and to investigate the different effects of these tissues on cartilage regeneration. Methods In 20 New Zealand white rabbits, 20 cartilage explants were taken from the knee joints in each rabbit, the sizeof which was 4 mm×4 mm×4 mm. All the cartilages were divided into the following 4 groups and cultured for 7 days: Group A, with 5 pieces (2 mm×2 mm) of the synovium of theknee joints in each dish; Group B, with 5 pieces (2 mm×2 mm) of the periosteum ineach dish; Group C, with 5 pieces (2 mm×2 mm×2 mm) of the cartilage in each dish; and Group D, with no addition of other tissues (control group). RNA was extracted from the cells of the cartilage explants (4 mm×4 mm×4 mm) in all the dishes. Thegene expressions of proteoglycan, collagen Ⅱ and NF-κB were defected by a reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results In group A, the gene expression of proteoglycan was significantly decreased. The relative density of this gene expression had a significant difference when compared with that in group D (1.09±0.21 vs. 1.25±0.25, Plt;0.05); the gene expressions of collagen Ⅱ and NF-κB were also decreased, but they had no significant differences when compared with those in group D (Pgt;0.05). In groupB, the gene expressions of proteoglycan, collagen Ⅱ, and NF-κB were significantly increased. The relative densities of these gene expressions were 1.60±0.26, 1.57±0.24, and 4.20±2.22, respectively, which had significant differences when compared with those in group D (Plt;0.05). In group C, the relative density of the gene expression of collagen Ⅱ was 1.43±0.28, which had a significant difference when compared with that in group D (Plt;0.05), but therelative densities of the gene expressions of proteoglycan and NF-κB had no significant differences when compared with those in group D (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that the periosteum can up-regulate the gene expressions of proteoglycan, collagen Ⅱ and NF-κB. The NF-κB is likely to be an important nuclear transcription factor related to cartilage regeneration. The results also suggest that the periosteum maybe better in facilitating the cartilage repair and regeneration in clinical practice.
ObjectiveTo study the expressions of Renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R), and AT2R in synovial tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) at different stages.MethodsThe patients who were treated with upper knee amputation because of trauma or total knee arthroplasty for OA between January 2018 and December 2018 were enrolled. Among them, 32 patients who met the selection criteria were included in the study. According to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) X-ray classification, they were allocated to normal synovial group (group A, n=9), moderate OA synovial group (group B, n=11, K-L level 3), and advanced OA synovial group (group C, n=12, K-L level 4). The relative expressions of Renin, ACE, AT1R, and AT2R mRNAs and proteins were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.ResultsThe relative expressions of Renin, ACE, and AT1R mRNAs and proteins were significantly higher in group B and group C than in group A (P<0.05). The relative expressions of ACE and AT1R mRNAs and proteins and Renin protein were significantly higher in group C than in group B (P<0.05). However, the relative expressions of AT2R mRNA and protein were lower in group B and group C than in group A (P<0.05), and in group C than in group B (P<0.05).ConclusionThe expressions of Renin, ACE, and AT1R in synovial tissue of osteoarthritis significantly increase as the K-L level increased, and the expression of AT2R decreases. Renin, ACE, AT1R, and AT2R have a certain degree of correlation with the development of OA.
Objective To investigate the feasibility of rabbit synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) differentiating into fibrocartilage cells by the recombinant adenovirus vector mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP-2/7) genes in vitro. Methods SMSCs were isolated and purified from 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits [male or female, weighing (2.1 ± 0.3) kg]; the morphology was observed; the cells were identified with immunocytological fluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and cell cycles. The adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiations were detected. The recombinant plasmid of pAdTrack-BMP-2-internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-BMP-7 was constructed and then was used to infect SMSCs. The cell DNA content and the oncogenicity were tested to determine the safety. Then infected SMSCs were cultured in incomplete chondrogenic medium in vitro. Chondrogenic differentiation of infected SMSCs was detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining, and toluidine blue staining. Results SMSCs expressed surface markers of stem cells, and had multi-directional potential. The transfection efficiency of SMSCs infected by recombinant plasmid of pAdTrack-BMP-2-IRES-BMP-7 was about 70%. The safety results showed that infected SMSCs had normal double time, normal chromosome number, and normal DNA content and had no oncogenicity. At 21 days after cultured in incomplete chondrocyte medium, RT-PCR results showed SMSCs had increased expressions of collegan type I and collegan type II, particularly collegan type II; the expressions of RhoA and Sox-9 increased obviously. Immunofluorescent staining and toluidine blue staining showed differentiation of SMSCs into fibrocartilage cells. Conclusion It is safe to use pAdTrack-BMP-2-IRES-BMP-7 for infecting SMSCs. SMSCs infected by pAdTrack-BMP-2-IRES-BMP-7 can differentiate into fibrocartilage cells spontaneously in vitro.