ObjectiveTo explore and hypothesize the potential mechanisms of cancer stem cell(CSC) in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsThe databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched, and relevant literatures were reviewed to draw out systematic hypotheses. ResultsMetastatic cancer stem cell(MCSC) was the subpopulation of CSC with the capacity of metastasis, had still not been well investigated. MCSC transfer was the tendency of migration and planting to specific target tissue by multi-steps of "homing" process. Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer was a simplified "homing" process, and we thinked that the key steps were adhesion, migration, and niche establishment of MCSC in peritoneum. That capturing human MCSC of peritoneal metastases in gastric cancer and identifying its stemness feature to determine high tumorigenicity and high invasive ability of it were the important research fields. ConclusionMCSC might play certain role in multiple processes in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, but currently it's lack of relevant researches.
ObjectiveTo summarize the changes and mechanism of related genes induced by stem cell therapy in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in recent years, and in order to guide the clinical value of ACLF and curative effect evaluation. MethodsThrough searching Wanfang med, CNKI, Pubmed database and so on in recent years, the differentially expressed genes induced by stem cell therapy for ACLF in recent years was retrieved and the changes of related genes induced during the treatment process were discussed. ResultsBoth at home and abroad had reported that stem cell therapy in the process of ACLF caused mir-27b, TRAIL, and Tg737 genetic changes, some genetic changes had an fixed change trend. ConclusionsStem cells in the treatment of ACLF, cause mir-27b, TRAIL, Tg737 genetic changes, which can provides a new way and method for monitoring stem cell therapy ACLF.
ObjectiveTo study the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for the purpose of screening out the effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the difference among many kinds of diagnosis and treatment. ResultsThe mechanism of spontaneous rupture was not clear. Possible factors included tumor necrosis, coagulopathy, cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of HCC can be made by abdominal paracentesis, ultrasonography and CT. Judging from the reported results the first choice of emergency treatment for hemostasis was transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The rational treatment of patients with ruptured HCC was TAE followed by hepatectomy if the lesion was resectable. ConclusionThe prognosis of patients with ruptured HCC could be improved if the correct diagnosis and treatment can be adopted.
The study of relation between hepatogenic peptic ulcer and portal hypertension,transmitter metabolic disturbance,hepatic insufficiency and infection;and the therapeutic principles of complications of peptic ulcer are described.Twenty four of 58 patients with hepatogenic peptic ulcer were examined by color Doppler ultrasound.Portal venous flow volume (24 cases) was 1060.9±96ml/min.Portal venous pressure(8 cases)was 3.77±2.51kPa tested during operation.Histamine concentration (8 cases) was 0.70±0.31μmol/L in peripheral blood.The gastrin contents of 9cases tested 3cm,5cm away from the ulcer were 2195.6±1043.89ng/L and 2140.3±978.5ng/L respectively. H pylori positive rate was 80% in 58 cases.The therapeutic results were satisfactory with no death.The results suggest that pathogenesis of hepatogenic peptic ulcer is closely related to these factors foresaid.The treatment is nonsurgical and massive hemorrhage or perforation once occurs,surgical treatment is necessary.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the role of PPARδ in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. MethodsLiteratures about PPARδ and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsPPARδ is expressed in the nucleuses of glandular epithelia lining colon and rectum. It is normally suppressed by wild-type adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) but is up-regulated by enhanced β-catenin/T cell factor-4 (TCF-4) binding to TCF-4-responsive elements in the PPAR promoter when an inactivating APC mutation occurs, which indicates PPAR is a potential downstream target of the APC/β-catenin/TCF-4 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Consistent with PPAR’s role as an APC/β-catenin/TCF-4 target, some studies reported that PPAR mRNA is frequently overexpressed in colorectal cancers of both humans and rodent animals, which indicates that PPAR is relevant to the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. ConclusionPPARδ is closely related with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Objective To explore the etiological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and? the changes of bone on X-ray photography in preschool children in the KBD endemic area. Methods Children of 1-6 years old in Naidang village of Jinchuan county, Sichuan province, China were included; and their wrist and knee joints X-ray photos were collected. The photos were bl indly diagnosed. Results Of the 22 children aged 1-6 years old in the village, 17 were included and another 3 aged 6-8 years old asked for examination. All children showed changes in bone metaphysis around wrist or/and knee joints based on the results of X-ray examination. Conclusion The 20 children in mild type KBD area show common changes in bone metaphysis This result coincides with our hypothesis that hypoplastic cartilage should occur in the population of preschool children in the KBD endemic area.
Objective To assess the tolerance of preoperative carbohydrate-rich beverage, to determine its effect on postoperative insulin resistance and analyze its potential mechanism. Methods Thirty-two patients undergoing elective colorectal cancer resection were recruited to this randomized controlled study and assigned to two groups at random. Patient in control group was fasted before operation, while patient in study group was given oral water. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indexes, activity of PTK, and mRNA and (or) protein expressions of PKB, PI3K and GluT4 were measured before and (or) immediately after surgery. Furthermore preoperative well-beings of patients were studied. Results Among well-beings, feeling of thirst, hunger and anxiety tended to be better in patients receiving carbohydrate-rich beverages compared with fasted ones (P＜0.05). Whole body insulin sensitivity decreased by 33% in the study group while 38% in the control group (P=0.007 2), and the activity of PTK, expressions of PI3K and PKB in study group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05， P＜0.01), but no significantly difference was observed about GluT4 in both groups (Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion Preoperative consumption of carbohydrate-containing fluids is safe and effective. Provision of carbohydrate energy source prior to surgery may attenuate immediate postoperative insulin resistance. A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action at the time of onset of anaesthesia or surgery by activating three kinases named PTK, PI3K, PKB which are key enzymes in pathway of insulin signal transduction. It is likely to explain the effects on postoperative insulin resistance.
目的 探讨聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶-1（poly ADPribose polymerase-1,PARP-1） mRNA在重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis，SAP)大鼠肾脏中的表达及意义。方法 48只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为SAP组和假手术组(SO)组，分别于造模术后1、3、6及12 h测定血清肌酐，观察胰腺和肾脏组织病理变化，并以RT-PCR法检测PARP-1 mRNA在肾脏中的表达水平。结果 SAP组大鼠术后血清肌酐逐渐升高，于3、6及12 h明显高于SO组(Plt;0.05)。SAP组大鼠术后胰腺出现腺体破坏、腺泡坏死、出血、炎性细胞浸润等病理损害，且呈进行性加重； SO组各时相胰腺组织基本正常。SAP组大鼠术后出现肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、肾小球瘀血、缺血等改变，并随时间延长逐渐加重，其损伤程度在3、6及12 h明显较SO组严重(Plt;0.05)。SO组大鼠肾脏组织仅表达少量PARP-1 mRNA，而SAP组大鼠随病程延长肾脏组织中PARP-1 mRNA表达逐渐增加，自3 h时起明显高于SO组（Plt;0.01）。结论 在SAP发病过程中，PARP-1 mRNA的表达在肾脏组织中逐渐增加，PARP-1可能参与了SAP相关肾损伤过程。