【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the theory of spontaneous rupture of HCC. ResultsResearchful results suggested that the injury of small arteries was usually followed in patients of spontaneous rupture of HCC. In this review, the immune complex, which composed of hepatitis B virus e antigen, complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of immune complex deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of immune complex was present. The small arteries in which immune complex deposited are readily injuried and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase. ConclusionWe would conclude that immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the small arteries injury may be the factor involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous ruptured HCC.
ObjectiveTo compare tacrolumus (FK506) with cyclosporine A (CsA) in clinical application to organ transplantation.MethodsThe literature in recent years has been reviewed and compared. ResultsFK506 was a powerful immunosuppression with a mechanism of action similar to that of CsA, but significantly superiori to CsA in terms of prophylaxis and treatment of allograft acute rejection, delay of chronic rejection, and withdrawal of steroid in early period. The cardiovascular mortality and chronic graft nephropathy (CGN),such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia were less frequently seen in FK506treated patients and FK506 also had an acceptable safety profile, including a low incidence of hypertrichosis,gingival hyperplasia and infections.However, CsA had been showed a better result in prevention of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM ) and more economic agent than FK506. Pharmacokinetic studies showed CsA in the form of Sandimmun Neoral showed less inter an intrapatient variability than FK506.Meanwhile, the combination of MMF and FK506 or CsA has been proved effectively with excellent graft and patients survival. Conclusion FK506 and CsA are safe and effective long term maintenance immunosuppressive agents in organ transplantation with wonderful prospect.
ObjectiveTo explore the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy, differential diagnosis, and standardized treatment. MethodsThe related literatures at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed, and the progress of pathogenesis and treatment of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy were summarized. ResultsThe common cause of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy include biliary system diseases, hyperlipidemia, hyperparathyroidism, the direct effect of pregnancy on the pancreas, etc. According to the different pathogenic factors of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy, the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), low-fat diet combined with Omega-3 fatty acids, parathyroid adenoma resection, or terminal pregnancy could be use. ConclusionAcute pancreatitis during pregnancy is dangerous, the cause, general condition of patients, and the growth of fetus should be give full consideration, and the diagnosis and treatment are standardized.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the relationship between the development of pancreatic cancer and inflammation, and the therapy strategy.Methods Related articles were reviewed.Results The pathogenesis of inflammation in pancreatic cancer development involves cytokines, NF-κB, COX-2, PPAR-γ, DNA damage, gene changes，etc. Based on these mechanisms some medications are under developing. Conclusion Accumulative effects of pancreatic inflammation may lead to DNA changes, and even pancreatic cancer development. Medications aimed at suppressing pancreatic inflammation may help with prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore and hypothesize the potential mechanisms of cancer stem cell(CSC) in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsThe databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched, and relevant literatures were reviewed to draw out systematic hypotheses. ResultsMetastatic cancer stem cell(MCSC) was the subpopulation of CSC with the capacity of metastasis, had still not been well investigated. MCSC transfer was the tendency of migration and planting to specific target tissue by multi-steps of "homing" process. Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer was a simplified "homing" process, and we thinked that the key steps were adhesion, migration, and niche establishment of MCSC in peritoneum. That capturing human MCSC of peritoneal metastases in gastric cancer and identifying its stemness feature to determine high tumorigenicity and high invasive ability of it were the important research fields. ConclusionMCSC might play certain role in multiple processes in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, but currently it's lack of relevant researches.
Males typically have high rates of morbidity of primary bladder neck obstruction, while the existing urodynamic examination is invasive and more likely to cause false diagnosis. To build a non-invasive biomechanical detecting system for the male lower urinary tract, a finite element model for male lower urinary tract based on the collodion slice images of normal male lower urinary tract was constructed, and the fluid-structure interaction of the lower urinary tract was simulated based on the real urination environment. The finite element model of the lower urinary tract was validated by comparing the clinical experiment data with the simulation result. The stress, flow rate and deformation of the lower urinary tract were analyzed, and the results showed that the Von Mises stress and the wall shear stress at the membrane sphincter in the normal male lower urinary tract model reached a peak, and there was nearly 1 s delay than in the bladder pressure, which helped to validate the model. This paper lays a foundation for further research on the urodynamic response mechanism of the bladder pressure and flow rate of the lower urinary tract obstruction model, which can provide a theoretical basis for the research of non-invasive biomechanical detecting system.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its mechanisms. MethodsThe literatures about the effect of nHAP on HCC were reviewed and summarized. ResultsAs a new nanoparticle, nHAP could suppress the DNA synthesis and subsequent division and proliferation of HCC cells through the inhibition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and telomerase gene expression and increase of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, nHAP was able to suppress the differentiation and metastases of HCC cells through the effect on the expressions of Paxillin and P130cas and the decrease of expressions of multiple drug resistance gene protein, microvessel density, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, nHAP induced the apoptosis of HCC tumor cells by the regulation of bcl-2 and bax protein expressions. The combined use of nHAP and chemoembolization drugs could enhance the efficacy, prolong drug duration and reduce toxicity. ConclusionnHAP can inhibit the division, proliferation, differentiation, and metastases, and promote the apoptosis of HCC cells and combined use with chemoembolization drugs can enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity.