ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical risk factors of preterm infants and its severity in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsRetrospective clinical study was performed. A total of 126 preterm infants with BPD in the Neonatal Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study. Among them, 69 were males and 57 were females, whose gestational age＜32 weeks and birth weight＜1500 g. BPD grades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were 63, 40, and 23 cases respectively. According to the presence or absence of ROP, children were divided into ROP group and non-ROP group, with 48 (38.1%) and 78 (61.9%) cases respectively. The differences of clinical data between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Quantitative data comparison between groups was performed by t test, and count data comparison was performed by χ2 test. The risk factors of ROP in BPD premature infants were analyzed by multi-factor logistics regression. The correlation between BPD severity and ROP severity was tested by Spearman rank correlation test.ResultsCompared with the non-ROP group, the ROP group had a smaller gestational age (t=5.988), lower birth weight (t=7.371), higher the application rate of oxygen concentration＞30% (duration of service＞24 h), high rate (χ2=17.244) and longer noninvasive ventilation time (t=－7.139), the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). In the logistic regression model, the noninvasive ventilation time was the risk factor for ROP in preterm infants with BPD (OR≈1.054, P＜0.05), while gestational age and birth weight were importantly protective factors for ROP in preterm infants with BPD (OR≈0.938, 0.996; P＜0.05). The results of the correlation analysis found that the severity of BPD was significantly positively correlated with the severity of ROP. As the severity of BPD increased, the severity of ROP increased, and the difference was statistically significant (rs=0.306, P＜0.035).ConclusionsFetal gestational age, low birth weight, hyperoxia, and long-term non-invasive mechanical ventilation are the main risk factors for ROP in preterm infants with BPD. The severity of BPD is positively correlated with the incidence and severity of ROP.
Abstract： Objective To introduce the new procedure of endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUSTBNA) for staging lung cancer and diagnosing thoracic diseases, in order to determine its value in the evaluation of thoracic diseases. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients examined with EBUSTBNA our institution between September 2009 and May 2010. Among the patients, there were 75 males and 31 females with an average age of 62.3 years old. Based on their primary indication, we divided all the 106 patients into three categories. (1) There were 76 patients with known or bly suspected lung cancer. Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on radiographic examination of the chest (≥1.0 cm) were detected in all the patients. (2) There were 22 patients with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes or mediastinal masses of unknown origin. (3) There were 8 patients with pulmonary mass located close to the central airways. Results (1) 76 patients underwent EBUSTBNA for known or bly suspected lung cancer. Among them, 58 patients were confirmed to have mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis on EBUSTBNA. Sixteen in the 18 patients with negative EBUSTBNA underwent thoracoscopy or thoracotomy for pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 12 patients did not have metastatic nodes, 2 patients had metastatic nodes and 2 other patients had benign lesions within the lung. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBUSTBNA for the mediastinal staging of lung cancer were 96.66%(58/60), 100.00%(12/12) and 97.22%(70/72), respectively. (2) 22 patients underwent EBUSTBNA for the evaluation of mediastinal adenopathy or mass in the absence of any identifiable pulmonary lesion. Among them, 7 had malignancy, 13 had benign diseases on EBUSTBNA and the sensitivity of EBUSTBNA in distinguishing malignant mediastinal diseases was 87.50% (7/8). (3) 8 patients with pulmonary mass located close to the central airways were accessed by EBUSTBNA. Definite diagnosis was achieved in 7 patients, and lung cancer was detected in 6 patients. The sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy of EBUSTBNA for the diagnosis of unknown pulmonary mass was 85.71%(6/7) and 87.50%(7/8), respectively. All the procedures were uneventful, and there were no complications. Conclusion EBUSTBNA is a highly effective and safe procedure. We believe that EBUSTBNA should be used routinely in the diagnosis and staging of thoracic diseases.
Objective To improve the knowledge of kartagener syndrome and the understanding of primary ciliary dyskinesia ( PCD) . Methods Three cases of Kartagener syndrome were reported and analyzed on clinical manifestations, symptoms, imaging appearances of chest, and family history. Meanwhile the related literatures were reviewed. Results The three patients deserved special recognition because of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Of them, the third case showed mainly the symptoms of nasosinusitis at an early age, and the distinct pulmonary symptoms appeared in his adulthood. Further examination showed that the triad of chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus is present in all cases. The parents of the two cases were consanguineous marriaged. Examination of the bronchial mucosal biopsy specimen of the first case under transmission electron microscopy showed cilia with the absence of inner dynein arms. The three cases got improvement after treatment of anti-infection and expectorant. Conclusion For patients with recurring infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract from infancy, the possibility of PCD should be considered no matter whether a situs inversus exists.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and utility of flexible bronchoscopy in the preoperative assessment in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Methods A total of 111 patients with SPNs of unknown origin treated between January and June 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical characteristics, bronchoscopy findings and surgical strategies were collected. Results In the total 111 cases, malignant and benign SPNs were 79 and 32 cases, respectively. The mean diameter of malignant SPNs was larger than that of benign SPNs [(2.04±0.58) vs. (1.70±0.75) cm, P<0.05]. Bronchoscopy identified 9 cases (8.1%) unsuspected findings. Surgeries were modified or cancelled in 3 patients (2.7%) because of bronchoscopy findings. Transbronchoscopy biopsies were performed in 26 patients, 9 of whom were diagnosed lung cancer preoperatively, with a sensitivity of 45% (9/20) and a specificity of 100% (6/6). Conclusions Flexible bronchoscopy can be contributed to diagnosis of SPN before surgery and determination of surgical strategies. It is suggested that flexible bronchoscopy could be included in the routine preoperative work-up of SPN.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of long-term inhaled salmeterol / fluticasone combined with low-dose oral erythromycin in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods Sixty-two patients with bronchiectasis after exacerbation and maintained stable were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was treated with low-dose oral erythromycin, group B inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone, and group C inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone plus low-dose oral erythromycin. The study duration lasted for 6 months. The clinical symptoms, dyspnea scale, exacerbation frequency, and pulmonary function parameters were measured and compared. Results Fifty-four patients completed the whole study and 8 cases withdrew. The results showed that 6 months of low-dose erythromycin therapy can improve the clinical symptoms, whille exacerbation frequency was also decreased. Inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone improved lung function, however, had no effect on cough, expectoration and exacerbation frequency. Inhaled salmeterol/fluticasone combined with erythromycin was more significantly effective in improving lung functions as well as symptoms. Conclusions Long-terminhaled salmeterol/fluticasone combined with low-dose oral erythromycin can improve the clinical symptoms and lung function, decrease the frequency of exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis. It may be as an alternative to the maintenance treatment of bronchiectasis.
Abstract： Objective To evaluate clinical outcomes of painless flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment for pulmonary complications in postoperative pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 58 patients who received fiberoptic bronchoscopy for pulmonary complications after surgical repair for atrial septal defect， ventricular septal defect， tetralogy of Fallot， double outlet right ventricle or transposition of the great arteries in First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University From August 2009 to February 2012. There were 26 male patients and 32 female patients with their age ranging from 20 days to 2 years. Olympus xp-60 fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used for removal of airway secretions and bronchial alveolar lavage under anesthesia with propofol， fentanyl and lidocaine. Pulse oximetry， respiratory sound and chest X-ray changes were observed. Results The examination time of painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy was 10-25 minutes in the 58 patients. After removal of airway secretions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy， their respiratory status improved significantly， pulse oxygen saturation increased by 5%-12%， and their pulmonary crackles were significantly reduced. In 29 patients with atelectasis， their pulmonary lobes demonstrated significant reexpansion in chest X-ray reviews on the next day after fiberoptic bronchoscopy， and 8 patients received another fiberoptic bronchoscopy treatment on the next day to achieve complete pulmonary reexpansion. One patient with severe pulmonary hypertension （PH） stayed in intensive care unit （ICU） for 6 days， 3 patients with transposition of the great arteries stayed in ICU for 5 days， 3 patients with double outlet of right ventricle and moderately high PH stayed in ICU for 4 days， and all the other patients were discharged from ICU within 48 hours after admission. There was no severe complication related to fiberoptic bronchoscopy， except 2 patients with minor nasal mucosa bleeding who were cured with hemostatic drugs and local compression. Conclusion Painless flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy can significantly enhance clinical outcomes and shorten ICU stay for postoperative pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases.
Objective To evaluate the anti-tussive effect of a total alkaloid agent extracted from Papaver Somniferum L. on simple chronic bronchitis of which the syndrome was counterflow ascent of lung qi according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods Randomised, double blind method, placebo control and add on design were applied. Forty-five patients with counterflow ascent of lung qi of simple chronic bronchitis were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=21) with alkaloid agent and control group (n=24) with placebo. Results The incidences of obvious coughing in treatment and control groups were 66.67% and 70.83% (P=0.763 3) respectively. The cough alleviation time of patients was 14.64±16.30 h and 15.12±15.28 h (P=0.795 6) respectively. The loss of cough rates on the third day was 28.57%, 16.67% (P=0.337 7) respectively. The average scores decreased were 4.29 and 2.88 (P=0.054 8) respectively. Conclusions The study indicates that total alkaloid agent extracted from Papaver somniferum L. has no significant anti-tussive effect on patients with counterflow ascent of lung qi of simple chronic bronchitis treated with cefaclor sustained release capsules simultaneously. The trial was interrupted by the advice from experts who disagreed with the selection of drug indication.