Objective The aim of this study was to describe the trends in the burden of breast cancer in women of all ages in China from 1990 to 2021, compare it with the global burden of breast cancer in women, and predict the burden of disease in the next 15 years. Methods Based on the open data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of breast cancer among women in China and the world were analyzed. Joinpoint was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to reflect the changing trend of disease burden. An autoregressive composite moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the disease burden of breast cancer in women from 2022 to 2036. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of female breast cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 2.400 7% and 2.334 8%, respectively, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) showed a decreasing trend. The average annual decline was 0.290 0% and 0.198 3%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASIR and ASPR of global female breast cancer also showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 0.474 9% and 0.3445 2% respectively, while ASMR and ASDR showed a decreasing trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.425 2% and 0.321 8% respectively. Among them, there were differences in the impact of age on the burden of female breast cancer. The peak of ASIR and ASPR appeared in the age group of 50 to 69 years old, and generally increased with the increase of age, and then decreased when reaching the peak. ASMR and ASDR increased with age. In the following 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and globally showed an increasing trend, while the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion From the analysis of the disease burden from 1990 to 2021, breast cancer has a huge harm to women, and the incidence of young and middle-aged women is high, the death rate of middle-aged and elderly women is high, and the disease time is long, which brings a heavy psychological and economic burden to patients and society. From the trend forecast for the next 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and the world will increase, while the mortality rate will decrease slightly, but the decrease is not large, which will bring huge public health challenges and put higher requirements on the prevention and control of the disease. To reduce the disease burden of breast cancer, comprehensive strategies for disease control are needed, including prevention of risk factors at the primary care level, screening of at-risk populations, and quality medical services.
Objective To investigate the incidence and the correlative factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus（DM）who lives in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai. Methods Residents with DM were enrolled according to resident health archives. The data of disease history, visual acuity, eye disease and introcular pressure were collected by inquiry and examination. Photography of ocular fundus was used to confirm the diagnosis of DR. Results A total of 535 residents excepted the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%, in whom 146 (27.29%) were identified as with DR. The incidence of single and proliferative DR was 22.29% and 4.30%, respectively. Duration of DM was the independent risk factor of DR, while long duration of DM, accompanied with peripheral neuropathy and body mass index was the in-order independent factor of proliferative DR. Conclusions The incidence of DR is high in residents with DM. Monitoring DR progress in DM residents with risk factors is recommended. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 31-34)
Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Culai Town of Tai'an City in Shandong Province. Methods According to the DM management file database for community, 785 patients with T2DM were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaires, routine general examinations, visual and fundus-free fluoroscopy were performed on all the patients. DR diagnosis and classification was according to the guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR in China (2014). Both monocular and binocular DR were selected as DR patients, and the worse eye for binocular DR were treated as the DR classification of the patient. The patients were grouped by presence or absence of DR. GraphPad Prism 6, SigmaPlot 12.5, SPSS 20.0 and Excel were used to achieve data analysis. Also, SPSS 20.0 was used for multi-factor logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 699 patients (89.04%) were actually recorded. There were 122 eyes of 63 patients (9.01%) with DR (DR group), 1272 eyes of 636 patients (90.99%) without DR (NDR group). Among the 122 eyes of DR, there were 19 (15.57%), 17 (13.93%), 70 (57.38%), 10 (8.20%), 6 (4.92%) eyes in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, respectively. The differences of mean age (t=15 290, P=0.002), DM duration (t=9075, P＜0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (t=15 810, P=0.006) between the two groups were statistically significant. There were 23 (36.51%) and 394 (61.95%) patients with hypertension history in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference ( χ2=15.42, OR=0.35, 95%CI 0.21-0.60). There were 57 (90.48%) and 500 (78.62%) patients with fasting blood glucose larger than 6.11 mmol/L in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference (OR=2.51, 95%CI 1.06-5.95, P=0.031). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, fasting blood glucose and DM duration were influencing factors for DR (OR=1.039, 0.864, 0.898; P=0.021, ＜0.000, ＜0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of DR in patients with T2DM in Culai Town of Tai'an City is 9.01%. Age, DM duration, fasting blood glucose are associated to DR. Those with a history of hypertension may have a lower risk of DR than those without a history of hypertension.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the prevalence of depression in the elderly in China.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of depression of Chinese elderly from January 2010 to July 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 22 cross-sectional studies involving 12 656 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of depression in Chinese elderly was 25.55% (95%CI 19.81% to 31.29%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of females was higher than that of males; the prevalence in the north was higher than that in the south; the prevalence in rural areas was higher than that in cities; the prevalence of CES-D assessment scale was higher than that of GDS-30; the prevalence of depression increased annually of data collection.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression in the elderly (aged 60 years and above) in China is high. More attention should be paid to this situation and more psychological intervention should be provided to the elderly. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common heart valve disease. In recent years, the rise of interventional therapy has expanded the indications of interventional treatment for patients with MR, but the epidemiological characteristics of MR (especially the number of patients with MR requiring treatment) in China are still unclear. In this paper, we analyzed and estimated the number of MR patients in China based on three epidemiological studies in Europe and America, and referring to the patients population surveys from Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Beijing Fuwai Hospital. Our analysis estimated that about 7.5 million patients with MR need intervention in China, including about 5.5 million patients with severe MR.
【摘要】 目的 调查凉山地区青少年四种常见变应性疾病——湿疹、荨麻疹、变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）、支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma，BA）的发病情况，及农村与城区患病差异。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方式确定调查点。受调查者填写调查问卷，接受皮肤科、耳鼻喉科、内科专科医师检查。 结果 湿疹调查8 113人，发现患者810例，患病率10.0%，标准化患病率9.3%；男性患病率8.1%，女性患病率11.2%（Plt;0.01）；城区与农村患病率均为10.0%。荨麻疹调查8 113人，发现患者513例，患病率6.3%，标准化患病率6.5%；男性患病率4.6%，女性患病率7.5%（Plt;0.01）；农村患病率6.9%，城区患病率4.9% （Plt;0.01）。AR调查7 977人，发现患者741人，患病率9.3%，标准化患病率9.1%；男性患病率9.4%，女性患病率9.2%（Pgt;0.05）；农村患病率9.0%，城区10.1%（Pgt;0.05）。BA调查7 741人，发现患者296例，患病率3.8%，标准化患病率4.0%；男性患病率3.2%， 女性患病率4.2%（Plt;0.05）；农村患病率4.1%，城区患病率2.9%（Plt;0.05）。 结论 通过调查获得了凉山地区青少年四种变应疾病患病数据。发现女性湿疹、荨麻疹、BA患病率均高于男性，AR患病率相近。农村湿疹、荨麻疹、支气管哮喘患病率均高于城区，AR患病率相近。【Abstract】 Objective To obtain the prevalence rate of four common allergic diseases, including eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma, in adolescent of Lianshan district; and to explore the differences of these allergic diseases prevalence rate between rural area and urban area. Methods A survey was conducted in adolescent. The cluster sampling was used. The subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and also received physical examinations by doctors. Results A total of 8 113 individuals were included in eczema studis, in whom eczema were present in 810 with a morbidity of eczema of 10.0% (9.3% after standardized). The prevalence rate of eczema in males and females were 8.1% and 11.2%, respectively (Plt;0.01). The prevalence rate of eczema in urban area was the same as that in rural area (10.0%). A total of 8 113 people were included in the urticaria study, in whom urticaria were found in 513. The prevalence rate was 6.3% (6.5% after standardized). The prevalence rate of urticaria in males and females were 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively (Plt;0.01), and were 6.9% and 4.9% respectively in rural area and urban area (Plt;0.01). A total of 7 977 people were included in AR studis. AR was present in 741 people, and the prevalence rate of AR was 9.3% (9.1% after standardized). The prevalence rate of AR in males and females were 9.4% and 9.2% respectively (Pgt;0.05), and were 10.1% and 9.0% respectively in urban area and rural area (Pgt;0.05). A total of 7 741 people were included in BA study, and BA were present in 296 people. The prevalence rate of BA were 3.8% (4.0% after standardized). The prevalence rate in males and females were 3.2% and 4.2% respectively (Plt;0.05), and were 2.9% and 4.1% respectively in urban area and rural area (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of these commom allergic diseases in adolescent of Liangshan district was obtained. The females have a higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA than that in the males; the prevalence rate of AR in males is similar to which in the females. A higher prevalence rate of eczema, urticaria and BA is found in rural area than that in urban area; the prevalence rate of AR in urban area is similar to which in rural area.
Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among permanent residents in Longquanyi district of Chengdu for prevention and control of dyslipidemia. Methods Permanent residents in Longquanyi district were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method between November 2021 and February 2022. The dyslipidemia rate in the population was analyzed, and the influencing factors of dyslipidemia were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 11 408 permanent residents were included. Among them, 3650 people had dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 32.00% (3650/11408). The prevalence rates of high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 19.30% (2 202/11 408), 13.38% (1 526/11 408), 5.05% (576/11 408) and 0.73% (83/11 408), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female, age≥30 years old, drinking, overweight / obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of dyslipidemia among permanent residents (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Longquanyi district is high, mainly with high total cholesterol and high triglyceride. Gender, age, drinking, body mass index, and the levels of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood uric acid are the factors affecting the incidence of dyslipidemia among permanent residents. Early intervention for high-risk groups with dyslipidemia should be adopted to effectively reduce the risk and burden of dyslipidemia.
目的 研究成都地区中老年人群体质量指数（BMI）及腹型肥胖对糖尿病患病率及空腹血糖水平的影响。 方法 2007年5月，采用随机抽样方法抽取50～80岁中老年人685人进行心血管危险因素调查，其男394人，女291人，年龄（63.3 ± 0.2）岁。 结果 成都地区中老年人群的超重和肥胖所占的比例较大（约44.3%），按BMI分组（BMI＜24 kg/m2；24 kg/ m2≤BMI＜28 kg/ m2；BMI≥28 kg/m2）的糖尿病患病率分别为14.0%、18.7%及23.3%，组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.031）。男女分别按腹型肥胖标准分组（男性切点=85 cm，女性切点=80 cm），男性糖尿病患病率在非腹型肥胖及腹型肥胖组分别为17.9%及18.7%组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.849），女性糖尿病患病率分别为9.7%及18.4%，组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.034）。整个人群中，空腹血糖无随BMI增加而升高的趋势（P=0.071）；女性人群中，空腹血糖随腰围的增加而升高（P=0.001）；而在男性人群中无此趋势。在调整相关指标后，logistic回归分析提示BMI对糖尿病患病率独立影响，以BMI正常为参照，超重及肥胖的OR值分别为：1.412 [95%CI （0.818，2.437），P=0.215]及2.200 [95%CI（1.034，5.178），P=0.046]。在调整相关指标后，腹型肥胖在女性人群中对糖尿病患病率独立影响，以非腹型肥胖为参考，腹型肥胖的OR值为：1.394 [95%CI（1.080，3.205），P=0.041]，而在男性人群中无此关系。 结论 成都地区中老年人群超重及肥胖所占的比重较大，BMI可影响糖尿病患病率及空腹血糖水平；腹型肥胖能够影响女性人群糖尿病患病率及空腹血糖水平，但在男性人群中无此关系。
ObjectiveIn order to provide guidance for early interference of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we surveyed the prevalence and analysis the related factors of DR in Shanghai Songnan community. MethodsBased on an established resident health database, an epidemiology study was performed on the residents with DM in Shanghai Songnan community.1177 patients completed questionnaire survey, and received physical examination and laboratory tests. The diagnosis and grading of DR were established based on the ocular fundus images acquired by digital non-mydriasis fundus camera. Patients with incomplete questionnaires were excluded. ResultsThere were 1120 DM patients with valid questionnaires. DR was found in 264 (23.57%) patients. The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR was 17.05%, 5.09%, 1.16% and 0.27% respectively. There was significant differences in age, disease course, systolic blood pressure, insulin usage between the DR group and NDR group(t=-2.647, 2.688, 2.204, 2.291;χ2=12.527;P=0.008, 0.007, 0.028, 0.022, 0.000). There was significant differences in fasting blood-glucose and insulin usage between the mild, the moderate and the severe DR group(t=21.964, χ2=14.996;P=0.000, 0.001). Stepwise logistic analysis identified that age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR (OR=0.769, 1.239, 1.100, 1.071, 1.682;P=0.001, 0.043, 0.176, 0.097, 0.005). ConclusionThe age, DM course, and insulin usage were the related factors of DR. The high prevalence of DR indicated the importance of the management of diabetic patients.
Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and provide reliable data for COPD prevention and management. Methods By cluster-random-sampling survey, the residents aged 40 yrs or older in a community in South Bank District of Chongqing were investigated.The post-bronchodilator FEV1 /FVC lt; 0. 7 was defined as COPD. Those individuals with FEV1 /FVC lower than 0. 7 would received history inquiry, X-ray of chest and ECG to exclude other disease that could impair pulmonary function. Results 1518 residents were enrolled( 517 male and 1001 female) . The prevalence of COPD was 12. 78% ( male 23. 02% and female 7. 49% ) . The major risk factors were cigarettes smoke( OR: 2. 88, 95% CI:2. 118-3. 928) and indoor cooking smoke( OR: 1. 98, 95% CI: 1. 685-3. 317) . There were 22.06% smokers were diagnosed as COPD. Only 9. 30% patients had known themselves disease condition about chronic bronchitis,emphysema or COPD. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in Chongqing city is significant higher than average level of the whole country and the patients have poor knowledge about the disease.