【Abstract】Objective To investigate the recent studies on the biocharacters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) and their relationships with the malignant tumors. Methods The literatures of recent years on the biocharacters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) and their relationships with the malignant tumors were reviewed. Results Keratin family is a kind of structural proteins in cell which plays an important role in cytomechanics and regulates cell-cycle. The mutations of keratin genes (mRNA) or the overexpression of keratin proteins would interfere with the order of cell-cycle or the integrity of cytomechanics, and lead to some diseases and malignant tumors finally. Conclusion The studies on biocharaters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) are helpful in the diagnosis, staging and the evaluation of prognosis of some diseases and cancers, e.g. liver cirrhosis, breast cancer, rectum carcinoma, etc.
ObjectiveThyroid nodules are an exceptionally common thyroid disorder. Past studies suggested a possible link between thyroid diseases and breast neoplasms. However, few studies have delved into the causal relationship between thyroid nodules and breast neoplasms. This study conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to further investigate the causal relationship between them. MethodsThis study was conducted using data sourced from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets. The study focused on thyroid nodules, benign breast tumors, and malignant breast cancers as the research objects, and relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was primarily used to assess the causal relationship between thyroid nodules and breast neoplasms. Cochran’s Q test was employed to detect heterogeneity, while MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO were used to test for pleiotropy. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. ResultsThere was a significant causal relationship between thyroid nodules and malignant neoplasm of breast (OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.95, P<0.01), with no evidence of reverse causality between them (OR=1.01, 95%CI 0.99 to 1.03, P=0.16). No causal relationship was found between thyroid nodules and benign neoplasm of breast, as indicated by both forward MR analysis (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.89 to 1.06, P=0.51) and reverse MR analysis (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.92 to 1.04, P=0.40). Sensitivity analyses suggested that the study findings were accurate and reliable. ConclusionThe present study identifies thyroid nodules as a potential protective factor for malignant neoplasm of breast.
Mucin antigen 4 (MUC4) is a molecular marker for some malignant tumors for early tumor diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. It provides a new research direction in tumor diagnosis and treatment that will have a wide application prospect. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic and clinical studies about MUC4, but the molecular imaging study about MUC4 is seldom reported. In this paper the recent research about MUC4 on basic and clinical studies is briefly reviewed, and it is expected to promote the development of tumor molecular imaging.
Bone malignancies exhibit the characteristics of high incidence, poor prognosis, and strong chemoresistance. Exosomal microRNAs can regulate the proliferation of bone malignant cells, improve chemoresistance, influence cell communication and the microenvironment, and have significant potential in the diagnosis and treatment of bone malignancies. Due to their stability, exosomal microRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. However, their widespread application in clinical settings requires standardized research. This review summarizes the progress of exosomal microRNA research in various bone malignancies including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, to provide new theoretical foundations and perspectives for the field.
Since November 1974 to December 1993, 110 cases with malignant tumors of the extremities were treated by en bloc resection and limb salvage procedure in our hopsital. There were 57 males and 53 females. Their ages ranged from 14 to 70 years. The diagnosis of all patients were confirmed by pathology. Among them, 68 cases were malignant bone tumor, 42 cases were malignant tumor of soft tissue. If the soft tissue was involved by the malignant tumors, the tumor was resected radically and myocutaneous or skin flap was transferred to covered the defect. Among the 42 cases, 5 were free vascularized and 37 were pediculated flaps. The maximal size of the flap was 15×25 cm and the minimal was 6×8 cm. For the malignant bone tumors, en bloc resection was performed and the bone defect was reconstructed with autogenous free vascularized fibular graft, autograft of massive bone with fusion or allograft of cryogenic massive bone. If the joint was involved, limited excision with replacement of prosthesis was recommended. When both soft tissue and bone were involved, segmental resection of tumor was indicated in 17 cases. The patients were followed up for 2 to 9 years, the results of 53 cases were still alive with a survival rate of 48.2%. We emphasized that the local extensive resection should be performed with a safety margin of 3 to 5 cm beyond the tumor. A djuvant chemotheapy and radiotherapy had definite value in the treatment of some malignant tumors, so that preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy was necessary. Sometimes radical resection of regional lymph rodes was necessary. The indications and causes of recurrence were discussed.
T ree cases of sarcomas of theJ we femur were treated by region-a?ir? ation with overdosage of me-chlorethamine for 3 weeks and there-after a high amputation was done,and the distal leg was replantedwith the length that the anklewould act as a knee joint and thefoot pointing backword. Follow-upfor 1 -5 years discovered no me-tastasie of the tumor and the artifi-cial limb showed a better function.
ObjectiveTo review the clinical experience and evaluate the results in patients who underwent caudate lobectomy for malignant tumor at caudate lobe of liver. MethodsClinicopathological characteristics of 51 patients who underwent caudate lobectomy because of malignant tumors at caudate lobe of liver in our hospital from May 2007 to December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively, and operative detail, complication rate, and survival rate were described. ResultsThe cancer were resected successfully in 51 patients with malignant tumors at caudate lobe of liver. Thirty patients were performed isolated caudate lobectomy and 21 patients performed combined lobectomy. Of the 51 patients, 9 patients were treated with retrograde caudate lobectomy. The operation time was 180.0-360.0 min, with the average value of 244.0 min. The bleeding volume was 400.0-1 000.0 mL, with the average value of 630.0 mL. In all patients, there was no perioperative death and no postoperative bleeding happened, and 17 patients who suffered from interrelated complications were cured or got better by conservative treatments. Fifty-one patients were followed up for 6-60 months, and the median survival time was 38.0 months. During the follow-up period, 29 patients dead, 21 patients suffered from recurrence, and 12 patients suffered from metastasis. The cumulative survival rates of 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 76.1%, 54.7%, and 31.8% respectively after caudate lobectomy. ConclusionThe caudate lobectomy in treatment of malignant tumor at caudate lobe of liver is effective and feasible.
目的 探讨急诊条件下胆囊结石合并胃恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性分析6例因胆囊结石行胆囊切除、术中意外发现胃恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料及治疗过程。结果 6例患者中5例发现胃癌，1例发现原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤。5例施行胃癌根治术，1例施行全胃切除术，无术后并发症，术后定期化疗，随访6～43个月，至术后随访截止日（2008年12月）均存活。结论 老年胆囊结石患者应注意合并胃恶性肿瘤的可能，胆囊切除术中仔细探查胃及周围器官极为重要，同时施行根治性切除是最佳选择。