Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a membrane protein which is attached to the cellular external membrane. The uPAR expression can be observed both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, in the present study, the human amino-terminal fragment (hATF), as a targeting element to uPAR, is used to conjugate to the surface of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle (SPIO). Flowcytometry was used to examine the uPAR expression in different tumor cell lines. The specificity of hATF-SPIO was verified by Prussian blue stain and cell phantom test. The imaging properties of hATF-SPIO were confirmed in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of uPAR-elevated colon tumor. Finally, the distribution of hATF-SPIO in tumor tissue was confirmed by pathological staining. Results showed that the three cells in which we screened, presented different expression characteristics, i.e., Hela cells strongly expressed uPAR, HT29 cells moderately expressed uPAR, but Lovo cells didn't express uPAR. In vitro, after incubating with Hela cells, hATF-SPIO could specifically combined to and be subsequently internalized by uPAR positive cells, which could be observed via Prussian blue staining. Meanwhile T2WI signal intensity of Hela cells, after incubation with targeted probe, significantly decreased, and otherwise no obvious changes in Lovo cells both by Prussian blue staining and MRI scans. In vivo, hATF-SPIO could be systematically delivered to HT29 xenograft and accumulated in the tumor tissue which was confirmed by Prussian Blue stain compared to Lovo xenografts. Twenty-four hours after injection of targeting probe, the signal intensity of HT29 xenografts was lower than Lovo ones which was statistically significant. This targeting nanoparticles enabled not only in vitro specifically combining to uPAR positive cells but also in vivo imaging of uPAR moderately elevated colon cancer lesions.
Objective To inspect the effects of recombinant staphylokinase (r-Sak) and the changes of fibrinolytic activity in the systemic circulation in the treatment of experimental central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)． Methods The animal model of CRAO in 15 cats (30 eyes) was set up by laser irradiating a branch of central retinal artery after intravenous injection of 3% rose bengal，and then the arterial thrombi were dissolved by intravenous injection of r-Sak and urokinase (UK)．The pat ency of the arteries was evaluated by FFA．Moreover，the changes of fibrinolitic activity in the blood were examined by phlebotomizing． Results The model of CRAO was successfully set up.Four hours after injection of thrombolysis drugs,the completely reopened proportion in r-Sak group was 100%，while in UK group the proportion was 60%．At the same time， no significant systemic fibinnolytic activation was observed in r-Sak group． Conclusions An experimental CRAO model,which has the similar pathological processes of occlusion of central retinal artery and intra arterial thrombosis as those in clinic，can be set up by using photochemical method，and r-rak is capable of lysing thrombus without significant activation of circulating plasminogen． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：71-138)
目的：观察前房冲洗术联合尿激酶治疗严重外伤性前房积血的临床疗效。方法：选择近3年来我科收治的严重外伤性前房积血患者57例(56眼)，随机分为Ａ组29例(29)眼)、Ｂ组28例(28眼)，Ａ组采用先前房注入尿激酶再行前房冲洗的方法，Ｂ组行单纯前房冲洗术。观察术中及术后并发症；术后视力、眼压情况。结果：Ａ组术中干净清除血凝块29眼(100％)，术中出血5眼(17.24％)，无虹膜损伤，术后第一天矫正视力≥0.5有24眼，眼压≥21 mm Hg者4眼(13.79％)；Ｂ组术中仍有少量血凝块4眼(14.29％)，术中出血4眼(14.29％)，虹膜损伤1眼(3.57％)，术后第一天矫正视力≥0.5有16眼，眼压≥21 mm Hg者8眼(28.57％)。Ｂ组术后仍有少量血凝块者加用药物治疗后吸收，两组病例中高眼压均加用药物控制正常，一周时视力无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论：前房冲洗术前先使用尿激酶治疗严重外伤性前房积血是一种操作更安全，更有效的手术方法。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of super-selective arterial catheterization with thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).MethodsThe clinical data of 16 patients with CRAO were collected. Aortic arch angiography with the catheterization through femoral artery firstly, and then the selective internal carotid artery angiography had been performed on all of the patients, including 12 ones who had undergone the urokinase thrombolysis therapy.ResultsIn the 16 patients, 3 with the severe straitness of the internal carotid artery and 1 with occlusion of incision of the ocular artery had not been treated by thrombolysis; and the others with occlusion of arterial trunk and CRAO had undergone thrombolysis therapy successfully. After the treatment, the visual acuity of the patients had improved in different degree and no systemic side effect had been found during the treatment.ConclusionsSuper-selective arterial catheterization with thrombolysis for CRAO may improve the visual acuity of the patients. The effects and risks of this treatment should be evaluated in further study.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:20-21)
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of plasminogen activator assist external ventricular drainage in cerebral hemorrhage.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of plasminogen activator assist external ventricular drainage in cerebral hemorrhage from inception to March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs involving 1 560 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the blank control or placebo, the addition of plasminogen activator urokinase after puncture and drainage could improve the clinical efficacy (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.26 to 1.47, P<0.000 01), shorten removal time of hematoma (MD=−3.37, 95%CI −3.89 to −2.85, P<0.000 01), reduce postoperative re-bleeding rate (Peto OR=0.30, 95%CI 0.18 to 0.51, P<0.000 01), reduce the incidence of intracranial infection (Peto OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.25 to 0.87, P=0.02), and reduce mortality (Peto OR=0.45, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.76, P=0.003). The differences were statistically significant between two groups.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the combination with urokinase can improve curative effect of hypertension cerebral hemorrhage patients with external ventricular drainage. In reducing hemorrhage, intracranial infection and mortality, urokinase also has great curative effect. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective Investigate the effect and treatment prospects of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor（uPAR）in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （HER-2） positive breast cancer. Method Aricals related effect of uPAR in HER-2 positive breast caner were retrieved through Pubmed， and the role of uPAR was reviewed. Results uPAR played a very important role in the HER-2 positive breast cancer， anti-uPAR monomer or uPAR binding inhibitors could inhibit the growth， invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Conclusion uPAR is one of the effective target for breast cancer， and it provides a new breakthrough in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis. MethodsSixty patients with breast tumor were selected randomly and the expression of uPA mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. The patients were divided into benign group (18 cases) and malignant group (42 cases) which included 22 cases with lymph node metastasis and 20 cases without lymph node metastasis. The relationship between uPA mRNA expression and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis was analyzed. ResultsAmong these 18 benign tumors, low expression of uPA mRNA was found in 2 cases and the others were negative. While in 42 cases of malignant tumor, uPA mRNA were positive in 22 cases of lymph node metastasis, 16 of which were high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression, and 1 was low expression. uPA mRNA were positive in 18 of 20 cases of nonmetastatic lymph node, 1 of which was high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression and 12 of which were low expression, the other 2 were negative expression. The expression of uPA mRNA had significant difference between benign and malignant tumors (P＜0.05). The expression in lymph node metastasis was much higher than no lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe expression of uPA mRNA in malignant breast cancer is obviously higher than that in benign breast tumor. The expression tensity of uPA is highly relevant to lymph node metastasis in malignant breast cancer, which can provide evidence for clinical staging and therapy.