ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of computed tomography examination in the clinical diagnosis guidance and therapeutic effect assessment for patients with uremic pneumonia. MethodsWe reviewed the clinical situation and pathogenesis turnover of 64 cases of uremic pneumonia from February 2011 to January 2013,and analyzed the correlation between image modification and treatment effectiveness. ResultsSixty-four cases of uremic pneumonia had different image manifestations in each phase of the disease course,including 27 cases of pulmonary venous pleonaemia,51 of lung interstitial edema,8 of pulmonary alveoli effusion,and 15 of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Dropsy of serous cavity and the heart shape could be viewed by CT scanning.CT rechecking was carried out after hemodialysis and symptom-targeted treatment.The results showed that CT results of 27 cases of pulmonary venous pleonaemia,51 cases of edema in the interstitial tissue and 41 cases of pleural effusion changed significantly after treatment (P<0.001);the image manifestations of 8 cases of pulmonary alveoli edema also changed significantly (P<0.05);the CT result of 15 cases of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis had no change;six cases among the fourteen cases of pericardial effusion were not absorbed by treatment (P>0.05). ConclusionThe diagnosis of uremic pneumonia mainly depends on imaging results.CT scanning plays an important role on the determination of clinical stage,the choice of therapeutic method,and evaluation of curative effect for uremic pneumonia.
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) plus hemoperfusion (HP) on patients with diabetes and uremic encephalopathy. Methods Fifty-five patients with diabetes and uremic encephalopathy from January 2010 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected in this study and divided into CRRT plus HP (CRRT+HP) group (n=28) and hemodialysis (HD) plus HP (HD+HP) group (n=27). The changes of vital signs, related biochemical indicators before and after treatment and curative effects were compared between the two groups. Results The two groups were comparable in general. No significant differences were found in blood pressure or heart rate before and after treatment between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hypotension events in CRRT+HP group was significantly lower than that in HD+HP group (P<0.05), and the effective rate of cardiac function improvement in CRRT+HP group was significantly higher than that in HD+HP group (P<0.05). After treatment, the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, β2-microglobulin, phosphorus, C-reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide in the two groups were significantly decreased than those before treatment (P<0.05). Parathyroid hormone, β2-microglobulin, C-reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide were significantly decreased in CRRT+HP group as compared with those in HD+HP group (P<0.05). The remission rate of uremic encephalopathy in CRRT+HP group was significantly higher than that in HD+HP group (P<0.05). Conclusions As compared with HD+HP pattern, CRRT+HP pattern is more stable in the hemodynamics, and more effective in the improvement of heart failure and the clearance of inflammatory mediators, middle molecular and macromolecular substances associated with uremic encephalopathy. CRRT+HP pattern is suitable for the treatment of patients with diabetes and uremic encephalopathy.
Objective To observe the treatment efficacy and safety of glucosamine hydrochloride tablets on uremia patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods A total of 118 uremia patients with knee OA were selected and randomly divided into the glucosamine hydrochloride tablets treatment group (treatment group) and the coated aldehyde oxystarch capsules group (control group) with 59 cases in each group. The course was 8 weeks. The Lequesne Index was assessed for curative effect evaluation, and the change of blood indexes was observed to evaluate drug safety. Results The total effective rate of Lequesne Index in the treatment group was 72.9%, while that in the control group was 13.6%; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=42.303, P<0.001). There was no significant change in the two groups before and after treatment in terms of the patients’ dialysis adequacy, routine blood, blood electrolytes, liver and kidney function (P>0.05). Conclusion Glucosamine hydrochloride tablets is curative and safe in the treatment of uremia patients with OA.
ObjectiveTo explore therapeutic efficacy of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with end-stage renal disease.MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients who underwent PTX for uremic SHPT from January 2016 to March 2018 were collected retrospectively. The changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) before the surgery and 1 d, 7 d, 1 month, 3 months and 12 months after the surgery were analyzed. In addition, the improvement of clinical symptoms together with the postoperative recurrence and complications were observed.ResultsTen patients underwent the subtotal PTX (SPTX), 5 cases underwent the total PTX (TPTX), and 35 cases underwent the TPTX with autotransplantation (TPTX+AT). The PTXs were performed successfully in 47/50 (94.0%) patients. After the PTX, the bone pain and skin itching were alleviated, 3 cases had the temporary injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve and the hypoparathyroidism was found in 1 case. The levels of postoperative serum iPTH, calcemia, and phosphorus were lower than those at the preoperative level, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.050). The postoperative hypocalcemia was frequently seen in 38/50 (76.0%) patients, and it was effectively controlled by the intravenous calcium. After the follow-up for 3 months, the SHPT recurred in 5 cases (10.0%), of whom 3 cases underwent the TPTX+AT. The relapse rate in 12 months after the operation was 9.1% (2/22). There were no statistical differences among the three PTXs methods in the operation successful rate (χ2=3.351, P=0.211) and relapse rates in 3 months (χ2=1.321, P=0.753) and 12 months (χ2=1.794, P=0.411) after the operation.ConclusionsIn China, TPTX+AT is more common than SPTX and TPTX in clinical application. Operations of SPTX, TPTX, and TPTX+AT are safe and effective therapeutic methods for uremic SHPT, which can significantly improve biochemical indicators and quality of life of patients.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current treatment status of uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in order to improve the understanding of uremic SHPT and to guide clinical work.MethodThe relevant literatures at home and abroad on surgical treatment of uremic SHPT were readed and reviewed.ResultsFor intractable SHPT patients with ineffective medical treatment, surgical treatment was still irreplaceable, which could significantly improve biochemical indicators and quality of life of SHPT patients. However, there was no unified standard for surgical indications and the choice of different operation methods. In addition, there was a certain controversy about whether there was a need for preoperative parathyroidectomy in patients with SHPT who were willing to have a kidney transplant.ConclusionAlthough there are still some problems need to be solved in surgical treatment of SHPT, however, it’s widely recognized and used by clinicians, which can improve the symptoms of SHPT patients and bring bettersurvival benefits.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of ultrasound evaluation and marking before arteriovenous internal fistula in end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients. MethodsTwenty-five uremia end-stage patients were admitted into our nephrology department from January 2012 to July 2012. All of the patients had encountered several times of fistula failure or had difficulty in establishing the forearm arteriovenous fistula. We focused on observing the brachial artery, radial artery, cephalic vein, the basilica vein and great saphenous vein. We measured the diameter of the vessels and marked the trend of arteries and veins in the body surface under the ultrasonic navigation. Our goal was to look for appropriate bypass vessels in the elbow and the upper arm. ResultsFourteen patients had endured several times of fistula failure. Among the 14 patients, 9 patients completed the surgery of reengineering fistula and autogenous great saphenous vein transplantation, 2 accepted artificial vascular transplantation, 1 completed the removal of blood clots in the left upper limb artificial blood vessels and arteriovenous internal fistula molding, and 2 gave up surgery. Eleven patients could not complete the arteriovenous fistula operation for the fine forearm superficial vein. Of them, 2 patients accepted artificial vascular operation, 6 underwent autogenous great saphenous vein transplantation, 1 with slender radial artery in diameter completed higher position fistula between the brachial artery and median cubital vein, and 2 gave up surgery. ConclusionArteriovenous internal fistula preoperative ultrasound assessment and marking have very important value in improving the success rate of operation in end-stage uremia patients.
Objective To investigate the change of cardiac structure and function in patients with uremia before and after peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods Eighty three standard continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients treated between October 2009 and October 2014 were selected in this study. According to the ultrasound cardiogram before and 6 months after the PD, we analyzed the influence of age, diabetes mellitus, dialysis interval, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum calcium and phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the cardiac structure and function. Results Hemoglobin increased significantly after PD (P <0.01), while albumin and PTH decreased significantly (P <0.01). The changes in creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For CAPD patients, cardiac systolic function did no t obviously change before and after dialysis, while the diastolic function improved obviously after dialysis. Conclusion PD may improve cardiac diastolic function of CAPD patients.
目的 总结妊娠合并尿毒症患者血液透析的护理措施。 方法 回顾性分析2001年3月－2012年6月收治的15例妊娠合并尿毒症患者行血液透析的临床资料。患者年龄平均30.5岁；2例为早期妊娠，孕13周，其中1例伴有尿毒症急性发作，其余均为中晚期妊娠，孕24+周，均血清肌酐＞445 μmol/L（5 mg/dL），尿氮素＞20 mmol/L。15例患者入院后即刻行血液透析治疗，治疗过程中进行必要的心理干预，在透析前、中、后护理中，密切观察患者心理状况，孕妇各项生命体征及胎儿胎心胎动等，择期终止妊娠。 结果 9例经维持性血液透析治疗后，病情稳定，顺利产下胎儿；另外3例患者经血液透析治疗后病情稳定，其中1例产下一死婴，另2例行人工钳取术终止妊娠；还有3例患者由于经济条件限制而中途退出治疗。 结论 适时的干预和加强妊娠合并尿毒症患者血液透析的护理，可取得很好的治疗效果，有可能改变妊娠的结果。