ObjectiveTo explore the postoperative characteristics and management experience of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing cardiac and vascular surgery. MethodsFrom December 7, 2022 to January 5, 2023, the patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University and underwent cardiac and vascular surgery were selected. The clinical history, surgical information, postoperative recovery process and treatment plan were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThere were 18 patients in this group, including 11 (61.1%) males and 7 (38.9%) females, with an average age of 58.1±10.9 years. There were 7 patients of hypertension, 5 patients of diabetes, 3 patients of respiratory diseases, and 2 patient of chronic renal insufficiency. There were 5 (27.8%) patients receiving emergency operations and 13 (72.2%) elective operations. All the 18 patients underwent cardiac and vascular surgery in the period of COVID-19, and the time between the last positive nucleic acid test and the surgery was 1.50 (1.00, 6.25) days. There were 8 patients of pulmonary imaging changes, including 3 patients with chest patch shadow, 3 patients with thickened and disordered lung markings, and 2 patients with exudative changes before operation. Antiviral therapy was not adopted in all patients before operation. Three patients were complicated with viral pneumonia after operation, including 2 patients with high risk factors before operation, who developed into severe pneumonia after operation, and underwent tracheotomy. One patient with thrombus recovered after anticoagulation treatment. Another patient of mild pneumonia recovered after antiviral treatment. The other 15 patients recovered well without major complications. There was no operation-related death in the whole group. One patient died after surgery, with a mortality rate of 5.6%. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of cardiac and vascular surgery, and patients with high-risk factors may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia. Patients with preoperative lung imaging changes or other basic visceral diseases should consider delaying the operation. Early antiviral combined with immunomodulation treatment for emergency surgery patients may help improve the prognosis.
Objective To summarize our experience of cardiovascular surgery for patients dependent on dialysis, and evaluate its safety and efficacy.?Methods?Clinical data of 10 consecutive patients dependent on maintenance dialysis underwent cardiovascular operations between Dec. 2004 and April 2011 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 6 male and 4 female patients, aged between 23 to 71 （57.6±13.2） years. They were put on dialysis 3-98 （25.2±30.6） months prior to operation due to diabetic nephropathy in 6 patients, chronic glomerulitis in 3 patients and systemic lupus erythemus in 1 patient, and 8 were dependent on hemodialysis and 2 on peritoneal dialysis. Five patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, one underwent Bentall procedure，two underwent aortic valve replacement, one underwent mitral valve replacement, and one underwent superior vena cava thrombectomy and patch repair. Patients underwent dialysis on the day before elective operation, followed by continuous ultra-filtration during cardiopulmonary bypass, and then bedside heparin-free continuous veno-venous hyperfiltration-dialysis started 5-32 hours after the operation. Conventional peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis was resumed 4-7 days after operation.?Results?All operations were successfully completed. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was （125.8±33.5）minutes, aortic clamp time was（77.2±25.5） minutes. One in-hospital death occurred due to septic shock after deep chest wound infection. One patient underwent re-exploration due to pericardial temponade to achieve hemostasis. Three patients experienced atrial fibrillation and were all converted to sinus rhythm by amiodarone. Nine patients recovered to discharge and were followed-up for 8-76 months. Two late deaths occurred due to intracranial hemorrhage and liver carcinoma respectively. Seven survived patients were all in New York Heart Association grade II functional class, and none of them experience major advertent cardiac events related to grafts or prosthetic valve. One patient switched to hemodialysis 14 months after discharge due to peritonitis.Conclusion?Cardiovascular surgery can be practiced in patients dependent on maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis with appropriate peri-operative management, so that symptoms can be relieved and quality of life improved.
ObjectiveTo compare the choriocapillaris flow density and choroidal vessel volume (CVV) of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsA cross-sectional observational clinical study. A total of 64 eyes of 64 patients (CSC group) diagnosed with CSC at Department of Ophthalmology of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May 2019 to October 2020, and a total of 64 eyes of 64 age and gender matched healthy volunteers (control group) during the same period were included in this study. In the CSC group, there were 34 patients with acute CSC (acute CSC group) and 30 patients with chronic CSC (chronic CSC group). There was no significant difference in age (t=－0.041) and sex composition ratio (χ2=0.191) between CSC group and control group (P＞0.05). There were statistically significant differences in age (t=－1.872) and sex composition ratio (χ2=8.778) between acute CSC group and chronic CSC group (P＜0.05). Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was performed using VG200D. The scanning mode was 512×512 and scannig range was 12 mm × 12 mm. The choriocapillaris flow density of the 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm circular area and 1-3 mm ring, 3-6 mm ring, and 6-12 mm ring, and the CVV of the of the 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm circular area was automatically generated by the built-in software (v1.28.6). The age, choriocapillaris flow density and CVV were compared between two groups using independent sample t test.ResultsCompared with the control group, the choriocapillaris flow density decreased in the CSC group, and there were statistically significant differences in the 3 mm, 6 mm circular area (t=－7.210, －4.040; P＜0.001). There were statistically significant differences between CSC group and control group in the 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm circular area (t=1.460, 12.270, 11.250; P＜0.05). Compared with the acute CSC group, the choriocapillaris flow density decreased in the chronic CSC group, and there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05) in the 3 mm, 6 mm circular area (t=3.230, 2.330), the total and four quadrants of 1-3 mm ring (t=2.780, 2.060, 2.140, 2.620, 3.770), the superior quadrants of the 3-6 mm ring (t=2.550), and the superior and temporal of 6-12 mm ring (t=3.070, 2.610). There was no significant difference of CVV in the 3 mm, 6 mm and 12 mm circular area between the acute CSC group and the chronic CSC group (t=0.250, 0.070, －0.110; P＞0.05).ConclusionCompared with acute CSC, chronic CSC exhibits significant decreased choriocapillaris flow density and no change in CVV.
ObjectiveTo summarize the surgical management of complicated mediastinal tumor involving the heart or great vessels. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 38 patients with complicated mediastinal tumor invading the heart and large blood vessels underwent extended thymectomy in our hospital between February 1997 and May 2014. There were 26 males and 12 females at age of 41.3± 13.6 years ranking from 4 to 68 years. Multiple personalized procedures were applied within the 38 patients and some patients underwent more than one procedure. Besides the resection of mediastinal tumor, 3 patients underwent partial right atrial resection. Sixteen patients underwent resection, plasty or grafting vessels. Ten patients took partial excision and repair of pericardium. Eight patients underwent pulmonary wedge resection. Two patients underwent lobectomy. Two patients required cardiopulmonary bypass. ResultAll operations were completed successfully. There was no perioperative mortality. The operating time was 105-282 min and blood loss was 200-1 500 ml. The postoperative complications rate was 23.7%. The incidence of ICU admission was 47.4% with an average ICU stay of 1.8 days. The average length of post-operative hospital stay was 11.2 days. The five-year survival rate was 57.0%. ConclusionSurgical resection of mediastinal tumor invading the heart or great vessels is complicated and highly risky. However, desirable clinical outcome can be achieved with comprehensive perioperative assessment and appropriate surgical procedures.
Severe heart and great vessel injuries were a fatal traumatic entity. How to improve the survival rate of these victims still was a challenge to date. This paper included： the pathogenesis and resuscitation of commotio eordis ; traumatic pericardial rupture associated with heart luxation and/or diaphragmatocele in pericardial cavity; indication selection of emergency room thoracotomy for severe heart injury and traumatic aortic disruption treated with endovascular stent graft. For the purpose of increasing our recognition of the severe trauma and making the early diagnosis and management as early as possible. The main relative references published in recently 5 years were reviewed.
目的总结心脏大血管穿透伤的临床特点、早期诊断和救治经验，提高抢救成功率。 方法回顾性分析2007年7月至2014年6月我院26例心脏大血管穿透伤患者的临床资料，男23例、女3例，年龄16～71（22.0±8.4）岁。其中刀刺伤25例，钢锥刺伤1例；心脏穿透伤23例，升主动脉刀刺伤2例，主肺动脉刀刺伤1例；心脏压塞型7例，失血休克型8例，心脏压塞+失血休克型2例，亚临床型9例。26例就诊后30 min至3 h急诊在全身麻醉下行开胸手术治疗，侧开胸手术20例，前正中开胸手术6例，其中2例在体外循环下手术。 结果全组死亡2例，均为失血休克型，1例69岁右心室贯通伤和右冠状动脉主干损伤男性患者术中死于低心排血量综合征，1例38岁右心室前壁穿透伤男性患者术后死于纵隔感染导致的多器官功能衰竭，其余患者痊愈出院，救治成功率达92.3%。18例随访1个月至7年，无后遗症发生。 结论迅速明确伤情，及时诊断，急诊开胸探查是提高心脏大血管穿透伤抢救成功率的关键。
Objective To investigate the protective effect of autologous platelet separation on blood in surgery for Standford type A aortic dissection. Methods A total of 180 patients with Standford type A aortic dissection undergoing elective major vascular surgery in our hospital from July 2014 to March 2016 were enrolled. There were 123 males and 57 females with age ranging from 19 to 68 years and weight of 50-85 kg. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in group A (n=92, 65 males, 27 females, mean age of 45±21 years) received intraoperative autologous blood recovery; while those in group B (n=88, 58 males, 30 females, mean age of 43±24 years) received autologous platelet rich plasma (APRP) and intraoperative autologous blood recovery. The whole process of platelet separation was completed before heparinization. The relevant indicators of blood coagulation function before the induction of anesthesia (T1), before heparinization (T2), immediately postoperatively (T3) and 1 h (T4), 24 h (T5) postoperatively were measured. Cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping time, drainage volume at postoperative 1 h, 24 h and allogeneic blood transfusion volume were recorded. Results The whole blood volume of group B in the platelet separation in emergency was 1 305±110 ml, and collected platelet rich plasma was 275±30 ml, platelet counts (630±220)×109/L, accounting for 25%±5% of platelets of whole blood, and platelet separation time was 32±9 min. Compared with group A, platelet count at postoperative 1 h in group B was significantly higher; drainage volume at postoperative 1 h, 24 h, allogeneic red blood cells, plasma transfusion volume and allogeneic platelet infusion rate decreased significantly (P<0.05). Group B had less postoperative complications (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative autologous plateletpheresis combined with intraoperative autologous blood recovery can significantly improve the coagulation function of patients with vascular surgery, and reduce the amount of allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative bleeding.