Objective To investigate the risk factors of infantile urolithiasis resulted from taking milk powder with melamine. Methods The clinical data of infant and young children who took free-screening for melamine associated urolithiasis in the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from September 14th, 2008 to January 6th, 2009 were collected, while the infants without urolithiasis in the same number as those with urolithiasis were also randomly collected into the control group. Then both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with a logistic regression model to assess the independent risk factors for urolithiasis. Results Of the screened children, 647 children were included in the urolithiasis group and 647 were in the control group. There were 678 boys and 616 girls with an average age of 19.27 months. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that, the children fed with Sanlu powdered infant milk formula which contained a high level of melamine were more likely to suffer from urolithiasis than those took other melamine-contaminated formula (OR=6.09, Plt;0.01); boys were more than girls (OR=1.39, Plt;0.01), and children fed with formula alone were more than those fed with both formula and breast milk (OR=1.61, Plt;0.01). The risk of urolithiasis decreased gradually with age, and the OR value of children in age of smaller than 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months were 5.23 (Plt;0.01), 2.73 (Plt;0.01), and 1.60 (Plt;0.01), respectively. The risk of urolithiasis increased gradually with the time lengthening of taking melamine-contaminated formula, and the OR value of children who had took melamine-contaminated formula for 3 to 6 months, 6 to 12 months and more than or equal to 12 months were 2.10 (Plt;0.01), 2.81 (Plt;0.01), and 4.75 (Plt;0.01), respectively. Conclusion It shows that feeding with high melamine infant formula (Sanlu powdered infant milk formula), artificial feeding and male children are the risk factors of infantile urolithiasis. Additionally, the risk of urolithiasis decreases with age and increases with time of formula feeding
目的:通过分析2007年自贡市急救中心院前急救反应能力，探讨其影响制约因素及解决方法。方法：回顾性分析2007年1～12月份自贡市急救中心院前出诊的全部有效病例呼救时间、出车时间、到达现场时间及出诊距离，计算出车准备时间、车辆行驶速度、应急反应时间、急救半径。结果：全年院前出诊共3336例，出车准备时间（2.06±0.93） min，车辆平均行驶速度32.17 km/h，应急反应时间（12.51±10.87） min，急救半径（5.60±5.35） km。结论：我市急救中心目前取得一定成绩，需采取多种措施进一步提高急救反应能力。
【摘要】 目的 总结急性肾功能衰竭（acute renal failure， ARF）的病因特点、治疗情况与预后的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2007年8月-2008年4月77例ARF的临床资料，总结各种因素与患者预后的关系。 结果 肾性因素是最主要的致病病因，占77.92%，其中以药物和中毒居多。老年患者、少尿型患者或合并多脏器功能衰竭患者病死率较高，分别为25.93%，29.55%，83.33%。 结论 ARF应早期诊断，积极给予综合治疗，包括肾脏替代治疗，老年ARF患者易出现多脏器功能衰竭、合并感染等，应放宽透析指征，并注意去除高危因素以提高存活率。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF). Methods The clinical data of 77 patients with ARF from Auguest 2007 to April 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Renal factor was the most important cause of ARF, accounting for 77.92%. The mortalities of elderly patients, oliguric patients and with multiple organ failure were 25.93%, 29.55%, and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with ARF should be diagnosed as early as possible and given comprehensive treatments, including renal replacement therapy; the elderly patients with multiple organ failure and infection should be relaxed dialysis indications. We should pay attention to the removal of risk factors to improve the survival rate.
ObjectiveTo study and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with tuberculosis.MethodsThe cases of CKD with tuberculosis treated in respiratory department, nephrology department and infection department of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University during January 2014 to December 2018 and followed up for at least half a year were collected as the study subjects. The clinical characteristics of CKD patients with tuberculosis and to observe the treatment, prognosis and adverse reactions were analyzed.ResultsA total of 74 patients were enrolled in the analysis, including 51 males (68.91%) and 23 females (31.08%), and with a mean age of (52.1±15.5) years. The use rate of immunosuppress drug in CKD G1\G2\G3 stage was very high (100%, 100%, 70%, respectively), and patients in G5 stage had the highest TB infection by 49 cases. There were 58 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, which was the main form of tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was very common too, and there were 40 cases including 29 cases of lymph node tuberculosis. Among 53 cases of acid fast bacilli smear, 8 cases were positive; lung biopsy positive in 1; lymph node biopsy was positive in 5 cases; 53 cases were initially treated and 21 cases were retreated. The main symptoms of 74 patients were emaciation (33 cases), fever (30 cases), and fatigue (25 cases); the common symptoms of 58 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were cough and expectoration (41 cases). Pulmonary tuberculosis mainly infected the upper field of lung (39 cases). The most common imaging features was patchy shadow in 17 cases, followed by single or multiple nodules in 15 cases. The number of cases with lymph node enlargement in drainage area, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening were 36, 34 and 24, respectively. The sensitivity of tuberculosis interferon-gamma release assays (TB-IGRA), tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (TB-PCR) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein chip was 79.6%, 18.8% and 61.7%, respectively. After tuberculosis treatments, 51 cases were successful, 14 cases failed, 5 cases died, and 4 cases could not be evaluated. Sixteen cases had serious and typical adverse reactions, including 12 cases of drug-induced liver injury, and 11 cases of treatment failure due to these serious adverse reactions.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of tuberculosis is high in CKD patients and the clinical manifestations are atypical. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the main form of tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is very common and mainly lymph node tuberculosis. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA, TB-PCR and Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein chip detection are lower than that of common patients. The success rate of tuberculosis treatment in CKD patients is low, the adverse reaction rate is high, and the adverse reactions are the main causes of treatment failure.
Objective To improve the knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of aspirin induced asthma ( AIA) in China. Methods Thirty-six cases with AIA who were reported in 30 papers in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results The drugs which induced AIA in China mainly included acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin) , ibuprofen ( Fenbid, ibuprofen) , while acetaminophen ( paracetamol,Bufferin, Tylenol ) , phenylpropanoid thiazide ( Piroxicam) , methoxy-naphthalene C acid ( naproxen) ,diclofenac in rare cases. 28. 6% ( 8 /28) of AIA patients were complicated with nasal disease . AIA could occur at all ages, especially for those over 40 years ( 72. 2% , 26 /36) . No significant difference of prevalencein male and female. The onset time of AIA was less than 60min in 71. 4% and gt;120min in 38. 6% . Most patients took the medications by oral ( 83. 3% ,30/36) , but the AIA onset time was not different by different administration route. Conclusions The incidence of AIA increases in recent years because of widely use of NSAIDs. However, no awareness of NSAIDs induced asthma is common in patients and physicians. For asthma patients it must be caution to take antipyretic analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs. If necessary,methoxy-naphthalene C acid ( naproxen) and diclofenac could be better choice.
ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation during 2013-2014 in China-Japan friendship hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in China-Japan friendship hospital during 2013–2014. Information about the demographic features, conditions before the admission, the treatment, the complications and the outcome were collected using the pre-designed case report form.ResultsThe patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation accounted for 7.5% (250/3 326) of the total patients admitted to the respiratory department. September was the peak month when the most asthmatic patients were admitted to the hospital. A total of 99 asthma patients were included for further analysis and consisted of 12 mild-onset, 22 moderate-onset, 62 severe-onset and 3 life threatening-onset. There were 49.5% (49/99) patients who had a history of previous hospitalization or emergency department visits during the last year. There were up to 54.5% (54/99) of patients who didn't use inhaled corticosteroids before the admission. Only one patient died during the hospitalization. The mortality was 1.0%.ConclusionsThe number of asthmatic patients admitted to the hospital fluctuates with seasons, and September is the peak month. Only a small part of patients use asthma controllers regularly before the admissions.
目的：探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)手术时机和术式的选择。方法：回顾性分析247例急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料。 结果：非手术治疗10例，死亡4例；12例急诊手术后发生并发症5例，死亡2例；169 例延期手术术后发生并发症1例，治愈；56例择期手术无并发症发生。结论：以胆道梗阻为主的ABP应急诊手术解除胆道梗阻；胆道无梗阻先采用非手术治疗，胰腺炎控制后，再处理胆道病变。
Objective To investigate the role of low-dose heparin added to total nutrient admixture (TNA) solutions in the prevention of catheter related infections (CRIs). Methods One-hundred three newborn infants with periph-erally inserted central catheter (PICC) were divided into heparin group (n=63) and control group (n=40). The patients in the heparin group received TNA with 0.5 U/ ml heparin. The patients in the control group received TNA without heparin. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of CRTs in the two groups. Results We found that the incidence of CRIs was 0 in the heparin group and 12.5% (5/40) in the control group. The incidence of catheter obstruction was 6.3% (4/63) in the heparin group and 20% (8/40) in the control group. The incidence of catheter-tip colonization was 1.58% (1/40) in the heparin group and 17.5% (7/40) in the control group. The incidences of CRIs, catheter obstruction, and catheter-tip colonization were signiicantly lower in the heparin group than those in the control group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion TNA solutions with 0.5U/ml heparin have decreased catheter obstruction and CRIs.