Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of three machine learning methods, namely support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and decision tree, on the daily number of new patients with ischemic stroke in Chengdu. Methods The numbers of daily new ischemic stroke patients from January 1st, 2019 to March 28th, 2021 were extracted from the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu. The weather and meteorological data and air quality data of Chengdu came from China Weather Network in the same period. Correlation analyses, multinominal logistic regression, and principal component analysis were used to explore the influencing factors for the level of daily number of new ischemic stroke patients in this hospital. Then, using R 4.1.2 software, the data were randomly divided in a ratio of 7∶3 (70% into train set and 30% into validation set), and were respectively used to train and certify the three machine learning methods, SVM, KNN and decision tree, and logistic regression model was used as the benchmark model. F1 score, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy of each model were calculated. The data dividing, training and validation were repeated for three times, and the average F1 scores, AUCs and accuracies of the three times were used to compare the prediction effects of the four models. Results According to the accuracies from high to low, the prediction effects of the four models were ranked as SVM (88.9%), logistic regression model (87.5%), decision tree (85.9%), and KNN (85.1%); according to the F1 scores, the models were ranked as SVM (66.9%), KNN (62.7%), decision tree (59.1%), and logistic regression model (57.7%); according to the AUCs, the order from high to low was SVM (88.5%), logistic regression model (87.7%), KNN (84.7%), and decision tree (71.5%). Conclusion The prediction result of SVM is better than the traditional logistic regression model and the other two machine learning models.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical features of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) cases with pathogens infection. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including VIP, WanFang Data, CNKI, CBM, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier and Google Scholar from 1994 to 2014 for CFS-related studies. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data. Then we systematically reviewed and analyzed the information on demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, types of infected pathogens, and results of some biochemical examinations. ResultsA total of 84 studies (case reports and case series) involving 2 565 CFS cases from 18 countries were included. The major infected pathogens of included CFS cases were mycoplasma, EB virus, intestinal virus, Bernat rickettsia, human-herpes virus, and Gram-negative intestinal bacteria. Fifty-seven studies reported that there might be associations between the pathogenic infection and CFS pathogenesis. Although there were different types of CFS-related pathogens, almost all the studies inferred that pathogens infection linked with immune dysfunction, which might cause CFS symptoms. ConclusionThere may be associations between the pathogenic infection and CFS pathogenesis.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and breast cancer are common diseases with high incidence, which can be promoted and maintained by a wide range of regulatory factors (changes of hormone secretion, chronic inflammation, dysfunctions in autonomic nervous system, coagulation system and endothelia). There may be a consistent pathophysiological link between the increased incidence of breast cancer and AF, which is currently seldomly reported. The development process of these two diseases are complex, and the occurrence of breast cancer may increase the incidence of AF. In this paper, we reviewed the relationship between breast cancer and AF based on the latest reports.
Objective Glucocorticoid is the main cause of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of femoral head. To explore the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bone microvascular endothel ial cells treated with glucocorticoid so as to investigate the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. Methods The cancellous bone of femoral head was harvested from voluntary donators undergoing total hip arthroplasty, and then the bone microvascular endothel ial cells were isolated by enzyme digestion. The cells at passage 3 were cocultured with different concentrations of hydrocortisone (0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL) for 24 hours. MTT assay was used for the inhibitory rate of cell prol iferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis rate, and fluorescence probe for the production of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XOD). Results At 2-3 days primary culture, the cells were spindle and arranged l ike cobbles and they reached confluence after 1 week. The inhibitory rates of cell prol iferation in 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 20.22% ± 2.97%, 22.94% ± 4.52%, 43.98% ± 3.35%, and 78.29% ± 3.85%, respectively; and 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 2 low-concentration groups (0.03 and 0.10 mg/mL groups). The apoptosis rates in 0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 0.10% ± 0.01%, 0.23% ± 0.02%, 1.83% ± 0.04%, 6.34% ± 0.11%, and 15.33% ± 0.53%, respectively; 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 0 mg/mL group. In 0, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/ mL groups, the ROS levels were 57.35 ± 7.11, 120.47 ± 15.68, and 166.15 ± 11.57, respectively, and the XOD levels were 0.017 9 ± 0.000 9, 0.028 3 ± 0.001 7, and 0.067 7 ± 0.004 1, respectively; there were significant differences in the levels of ROS and XOD among 3 groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Increasing of ROS production in bone microvascular endothel ial cells can be induced by high concentration glucocorticoid, and it can result in cell injury
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China, project its trends from 2022 to 2030, and provide valuable insights for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. Methods The incidence and mortality rates of acute viral hepatitis in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. The change rates and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for each indicator were calculated. Additionally, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to project the incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China from 2022 to 2030. Results From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rates of acute hepatitis A (AHA), acute hepatitis B (AHB), acute hepatitis C (AHC), and acute hepatitis E (AHE) in China all showed a declining trend (EAPC=−1.980%, −2.664%, −2.078%, −1.686%; P<0.05), with a particularly marked decrease in mortality (EAPC=−11.662%, −7.411%, −12.541%, −7.504%; P<0.05). According to ARIMA model projections, the incidence rates of AHA and AHB were expected to continue declining from 2022 to 2030, while the incidence rates of AHC and AHE were expected to rise. In 2030, the projected incidence rates of AHA, AHB, AHC, and AHE were 890.425/100000, 824.158/100000, 59.202/100000, and 300.377/100000, respectively. The mortality rates of AHA, AHC, and AHE were projected to remain stable from 2022 to 2030, while the mortality rate of AHB was expected to decline. In 2030, the projected mortality rates of AHA, AHB, AHC, and AHE were 0.002/100000, 0/100000, 0.004/100000, and 0.011/100000, respectively. Conclusions From 1990 to 2021, the overall incidence and mortality of acute viral hepatitis in China showed a downward trend. However, the incidence rates of AHC and AHE may present an upward trend in the future, which suggests that the government and relevant health authorities should adjust their prevention and control strategies in a timely manner.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of asthma. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, and the time variation trend of age-standardized incidence and mortality was analyzed by using Joinpoint software, and the average annual variation percentage was calculated. The age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality trend of asthma. Results In 2019, the incidence of asthma in China was 264.44/100 000, and the mortality rate was 1.74/100 000. The incidence rate of asthma in males (300.94/100 000) and mortality rate (1.99/100 000) were higher than those in females (226.51/100 000 and 1.49/100 000). From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, but the trend was not statistically significant (P>0. 05), and the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 4.90%, with a statistically significant trend (P<0.05). The results of age effect showed that the incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, and the death first showed a downward trend, and then increased in the age group of 55-59. The results of period effect show that the risk of asthma is decreasing, and then it is increasing from 2015 to 2019, and the risk of asthma mortality is decreasing. The results of cohort effect show that the later people are born, the lower the risk of asthma onset and death. The death of asthma is attributed to behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco, and the occupational risk tends to decrease. ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend, and the incidence and mortality of men were higher than that of women. The risk factors of behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco were still on the rise, so corresponding measures should be taken to carry out early screening, early detection, and early treatment for key populations.