Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of asthma. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, and the time variation trend of age-standardized incidence and mortality was analyzed by using Joinpoint software, and the average annual variation percentage was calculated. The age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality trend of asthma. Results In 2019, the incidence of asthma in China was 264.44/100 000, and the mortality rate was 1.74/100 000. The incidence rate of asthma in males (300.94/100 000) and mortality rate (1.99/100 000) were higher than those in females (226.51/100 000 and 1.49/100 000). From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, but the trend was not statistically significant (P>0. 05), and the age-standardized mortality showed a downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 4.90%, with a statistically significant trend (P<0.05). The results of age effect showed that the incidence of asthma in China showed a downward trend, and the death first showed a downward trend, and then increased in the age group of 55-59. The results of period effect show that the risk of asthma is decreasing, and then it is increasing from 2015 to 2019, and the risk of asthma mortality is decreasing. The results of cohort effect show that the later people are born, the lower the risk of asthma onset and death. The death of asthma is attributed to behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco, and the occupational risk tends to decrease. ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence and mortality of asthma in China showed a decreasing trend, and the incidence and mortality of men were higher than that of women. The risk factors of behavioral risk, high body mass index and tobacco were still on the rise, so corresponding measures should be taken to carry out early screening, early detection, and early treatment for key populations.
Objective To investigate the incidence and management of CTEPH in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Xijing Hospital to enrich the epidemiological data of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in China.Methods We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the incidence and management of CTEPH in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Xijing Hospital from 2008 to 2012. Results The incidence of CTEPH was 5.24% . About 62.90% of venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism (VTE/PE) patients were unprovoked, and about 53.85% of CTEPH patients was unprovoked. About 38% of CTEPH patients had no history of VTE, and 62% of CTEPH patients had no history of acute pulmonary embolism. None of the CTEPH patients was treated by pulmonary thromboendarterctom (PTE) , and about 53.85% of patients were only given anticoagulant monotherapy. Conclusions The incidence of CTEPH is higher in our hospital than reported. This phenomenon may be related to the lack of awareness of risk factors of CTEPH and the insufficient thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy to acute pulmonary embolism. It’s very urgent to standardize the diagnosis and management of CTEPH in pulmonologists.
【摘要】 目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的发生率及危险因素。 方法 收集2007年12月-2008年12月在四川省人民医院、成都市妇幼保健院、成都市妇产科医院住院的85例体重≤2 000 g或有严重疾病的早产儿,自出生后4~6周或矫正胎龄32周开始筛查，至周边视网膜血管化。 结果 85例早产儿中，有9例发生ROP，发病率10.58%。其中出生体重lt;1 500 g的早产儿ROP发病率为17.07%，孕周lt;30周的早产儿ROP发病率为40%。 结论 低体重、胎龄小、吸氧为早产儿发生ROP的重要危险因素；尽早进行眼底筛查是早期发现、诊断及治疗ROP的关键。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 85 premature infants were enrolled from Sichuan provincial people′s hospital, Chengdu maternal and child health hospital, and Chengdu obstetric and gynecology hospital. The infants were born between December 2007 and December 2008, with a birth weight less than 2 000 g. The ocular funds examination was carried out four to six weeks after the birth or at the 32nd week of the corrected gestational age;the infants were followed up until the retina was entirely vascularized. Results ROP was found in 9 of the 85 premature infants, with a percentage of 10.58%. About 17.07% premature infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g and 40% infants with a gestational age shorter than 30 weeks had ROP. Conclusions A lower birth weight, a shorter gestational age and oxygen usage are the risk factors of ROP. It′s important to examine the ocular fundus in premature infants as early as possible so as to identify, diagnose and treat ROP at an early stage.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often accompanied by anxiety or depression. The exacerbation of anxiety and depression can lead to the deterioration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reduce patients’ quality of life, worsen poor prognosis, and increase the risk of death. Anxiety and depression are one of the important causes of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the complexity of their risk factors and pathogenesis often lead to clinicians being unable to make accurate diagnosis and treatment in a timely manner. Based on existing research, this article elaborates on the risk factors and pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with anxiety or depression, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of clinical physicians for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with anxiety or depression, achieve timely diagnosis and treatment, improve patients’ prognosis, and improve quality of life.
Objective Glucocorticoid is the main cause of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of femoral head. To explore the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bone microvascular endothel ial cells treated with glucocorticoid so as to investigate the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. Methods The cancellous bone of femoral head was harvested from voluntary donators undergoing total hip arthroplasty, and then the bone microvascular endothel ial cells were isolated by enzyme digestion. The cells at passage 3 were cocultured with different concentrations of hydrocortisone (0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL) for 24 hours. MTT assay was used for the inhibitory rate of cell prol iferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis rate, and fluorescence probe for the production of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XOD). Results At 2-3 days primary culture, the cells were spindle and arranged l ike cobbles and they reached confluence after 1 week. The inhibitory rates of cell prol iferation in 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 20.22% ± 2.97%, 22.94% ± 4.52%, 43.98% ± 3.35%, and 78.29% ± 3.85%, respectively; and 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 2 low-concentration groups (0.03 and 0.10 mg/mL groups). The apoptosis rates in 0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 0.10% ± 0.01%, 0.23% ± 0.02%, 1.83% ± 0.04%, 6.34% ± 0.11%, and 15.33% ± 0.53%, respectively; 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 0 mg/mL group. In 0, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/ mL groups, the ROS levels were 57.35 ± 7.11, 120.47 ± 15.68, and 166.15 ± 11.57, respectively, and the XOD levels were 0.017 9 ± 0.000 9, 0.028 3 ± 0.001 7, and 0.067 7 ± 0.004 1, respectively; there were significant differences in the levels of ROS and XOD among 3 groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Increasing of ROS production in bone microvascular endothel ial cells can be induced by high concentration glucocorticoid, and it can result in cell injury
Objective To study the etiology， pathogenesis， and diagnosis of small bowel volvulus in adults. Method The clinical data of 43 cases of small bowel volvulus admitted to HassanⅡHospital of Settat from October 2009 to October 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 11 cases of spontaneous small bowel volvulus.There were 32 cases of secondary small bowel volvulus， of which 19 cases due to postoperative abdominal adhesions. Clinical manifestation：early persistent severe abdominal pain was in 40 cases， frequent vomiting was in 29 cases， intestinalpattern or abdominal mass was in 28 cases. All 43 patients were received surgery， 22 （51.2%） cases were diagnosed by preoperative ultrasonography， small bowel necrosis was found in 16 cases during operation， 37 （86.0%） patients were cured and 6 （14.0%） patients died. Conclusions Secondary small bowel volvulus is main small bowel volvulus， post-operative abdominal adhesion is major causes of small bowel volvulus， the value of abdominal X-ray in diagnosing is limited. However， ultrasonography and CT are helpful in diagnosing these diseases. Small bowel volvulus and intestinal obstruction can reinforce each other. Early small bowel volvulus is characterized by clinical conditions such as severe abdominal pain， early vomiting signs， and signs not matching the symptoms. Acute onset and rapid progression are the features of small bowel volvulus， surgery should be intervened in early stage.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
The pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease (VKH) has not yet been fully defined. Current studies mainly suggest that VKH is actually an autoimmune disease, especially related to the immune response mediated by various signal transduction pathways involved in the function of T cells. In recent years, the influence of the balance imbalance of various T cell subsets in cellular immunity on the pathogenesis of VKH has been a hot research direction. Currently, T helper cell 17/T regulatory cells, balance is the focus of clinical research, meanwhile, new discoveries and potential clinical treatment schemes have been made for related cellular pathways, particularly the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and NF-kappa B pathway. The exploration of B cells in the pathogenesis of VKH has also achieved initial results through the successful application of various targeted drugs. In the future, further screening and localization of genes or proteins that are abnormally regulated or expressed in VKH, for which early comprehensive and in-depth exploration will be helpful, thus improve the efficacy of clinical treatment programs and develop new therapeutic targets.