Objective To understand the latest research developments of the formation mechanism of psammoma body in human tumors and related issues. Methods Related domestic and foreign literatures were widely referred, analyzed, and reviewed. Results Psammoma body is unique pathological calcification in some tumors, which is arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically. Psammoma body is commonly seen in thyroid papillary carcinoma, meningiomas, ovarian serous papillary carcinoma, and so on. Conclusions Although arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically in tumor, the formation process of psammoma body is not entirely the same in different tumors. A comprehensive and objective understanding of psammoma body would be useful in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is the highest among female reproductive tract malignancies. Although most patients have undergone recurrent treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the recurrence rate is still high. The exploration of scholars in this field has never stopped. In recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in the medical treatment of ovarian cancer. The research of poly adenosinediphosphate-ribose polymerase, immunotherapy (immunocheckpoint inhibitor monotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with other drugs) and anti-angiogenic drugs have provided new methods for the treatment of this disease, and throughout the whole process of ovarian cancer treatment. This paper summarizes this, and aims to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
Objective To analyze the reason of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian failure, and to review the progress of ovarian functional reconstruction. Methods The l iterature about the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on ovarian function and reconstruct ovarian function was reviewed, analysed and summarized. Results Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both affect ovarian function. The ovarian function reconstruction included fresh ovarian transplantation and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation. Frequent ovarian cryopreservation was procedure slow-freezing protocols and vitrification protocols. Some laboratory and animal models of ovarian function reconstruction have come to gratifying results. Conclusion Ovarian function reconstruction has a potential cl inical value and provides a promising future.
Objective To systematically review the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer after treatment. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect diagnostic tests of 18F-FDG PET/CT for epithelial ovarian cancer from inception to February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 15 studies involving 792 patients were included in this study. The results of meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer were 0.88 (95%CI 0.85 to 0.90), 0.80 (95%CI 0.75 to 0.85) and 0.91, respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the sensitivity of the prospective studies was the same as that of the retrospective studies, but the specificity of the prospective studies was higher than that of the retrospective studies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer were higher in Asian studies than in European/North American studies. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT has high diagnostic value in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To analyze the research progress and current situation in the field of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure by bibliometrics, so as to provide scientific and efficient research path for researchers. Methods All the literature on chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure from 2015 to 2024 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to conduct bibliometric analyses of authors, institutions, keywords, co-cited documents, etc., and to draw the relational graphs. Results A total of 567 papers were included. The annual research output increased slightly, and the number of papers published by Chinese researchers ranked first. The 49 selected keywords were divided into 11 clusters, and the emerging keywords showed that the research hotspots in recent years focused on more in-depth mechanism studies, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and fertility preservation in premenopausal patients, which might continue to be research hotspots. Conclusions In recent years, the research heat of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure has been increasing, and Chinese scholars have made outstanding contributions, however, it is necessary to further strengthen the scientific research cooperation among researchers. Fertility preservation, hormone replacement therapy, in vitro transplantation may become the hotspots of future research, and the depth and refinement of research should be further promoted on the basis of multi-center and multi-disciplinary cross.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of ultrasonic score, blood vessels and vascular resistance index in predicting and diagnosing benign and malignant ovarian tumor. MethodsA total of 157 patients with ovarian tumors (77 benign and 80 malignant) aged from 19 to 68 years old (average 56 years) between January 2008 and June 2012 were enrolled in the research. The ultrasonic score, blood vessels and vascular resistance index were recorded, and the differences between benign and malignant tumor were compared according to the pathological diagnosis; Their sensitivities and specificities were analyzed with the preoperative prediction. ResultsIn benign ovarian tumor, ultrasound scores and blood vessels index were obviously lower than that in the malignant tumor (P<0.05); the vascular resistance index was much higher than that in the malignant tumor (P<0.05). The sensitivities and specificities in diagnosing malignant tumor were high when the ultrasonic score was ≥ 2, vascular index was>0.02/cm3, and blood flow resistance index was ≤ 0.6. The sensitivities were 92.5%, 90.0%, 87.5%, respectively; while the specificities were 90.9%, 89.6%, 84.4%, respectively. ConclusionUltrasonic score, blood vessels and vascular resistance index have significance for identifying benign and malignant ovarian tumors; ultrasonic score is more accurate which has high value of clinical application and popularization.
Objective To construct and verify the diagnostic model of preoperative malignant risk of ovarian tumors, so as to improve the diagnostic efficiency of existing test indexes. Methods The related serological indicators and clinical data of patients with ovarian tumors confirmed by pathology who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 2019 and September 2023 were retrospectively collected, and the patients were randomly divided into a training set and a verification set at a 7∶3 ratio. Logistic regression was used to construct a diagnostic model in the training set, and the diagnostic efficacy of the model was verified through discrimination, calibration, clinical benefit, and clinical applicability evaluation. Results A total of 929 patients with ovarian tumors were included, including 318 cases of malignant ovarian tumors and 611 cases of benign ovarian tumors. The patients were randomly divided into a training set of 658 cases and a validation set of 271 cases. A diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression in the training set, containing 5 factors namely age, percentage of neutrophil (NEU%), fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4): modelUAM=−3.211+0.667×age+2.966×CA125+0.792×FAR+1.637×HE4+0.533×NEU%, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow test P-value of 0.21. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve measured in the training set was 0.927 [95% confidence interval (0.903, 0.951)], the sensitivity was 0.947, and the specificity was 0.780. The area under the ROC curve of the validation set was 0.888 [95% confidence interval (0.840, 0.930)], the sensitivity was 0.744, and the specificity was 0.901. Conclusion A new quantitative tool based on age, NEU%, FAR, CA125 and HE4 can be used for the clinical diagnosis of ovarian malignant tumors, and it is helpful to improve the diagnostic efficiency and is worth popularizing.
Objective To compare the outpatient in gynecology department with health screening women in aspects of general condition, bearing, livelihood, economics and family, and to analyze the factors that relate to premature ovarian failure (POF) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Method To survey 178 outpatients of gynecology department and health screening women visited from January to December of 2007, and to investigate the possible related factors through a questionnaire including the condition of basic information (e.g. age, marital status, occupation and education), menstruation, pregnancy and delivery, contraception, health, livelihood, economics, psychology, society, family and so on. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 45 POF patients, 83 DOR patients and 50 healthy women were included. The results of questionnaire showed that the physiological factor was the main reason for the occurrence of POF and DOR; the menstrual disorders, autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.), malignancy cancer, pelvic surgery, smoking and drug abuse, and lack of sleep were closely related to POF and DOR; the social and psychological factors were other main reasons to cause POF and DOR. Conclusion The onset of both POF and DOR is caused by many factors, such as physical, social and psychological factors. The effective prevention and treatment for these diseases should be conducted positively in accordance with these three aspects.
High-grade serous ovarian cancer has a high degree of malignancy, and at detection, it is prone to infiltration of surrounding soft tissues, as well as metastasis to the peritoneum and lymph nodes, peritoneal seeding, and distant metastasis. Whether recurrence occurs becomes an important reference for surgical planning and treatment methods for this disease. Current recurrence prediction models do not consider the potential pathological relationships between internal tissues of the entire ovary. They use convolutional neural networks to extract local region features for judgment, but the accuracy is low, and the cost is high. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new lightweight deep learning algorithm model for predicting recurrence of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. The model first uses ghost convolution (Ghost Conv) and coordinate attention (CA) to establish ghost counter residual (SCblock) modules to extract local feature information from images. Then, it captures global information and integrates multi-level information through proposed layered fusion Transformer (STblock) modules to enhance interaction between different layers. The Transformer module unfolds the feature map to compute corresponding region blocks, then folds it back to reduce computational cost. Finally, each STblock module fuses deep and shallow layer depth information and incorporates patient's clinical metadata for recurrence prediction. Experimental results show that compared to the mainstream lightweight mobile visual Transformer (MobileViT) network, the proposed slicer visual Transformer (SlicerViT) network improves accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score, with only 1/6 of the computational cost and half the parameter count. This research confirms that the proposed algorithm model is more accurate and efficient in predicting recurrence of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. In the future, it can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic technique to improve patient survival rates and facilitate the application of the model in embedded devices.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association of micronucleus and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsPubMed, OVID, Elsevier, CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect case-control studies on the association of micronucleus and PCOS. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 5 case-control studies were included, in which 170 patients were in the case group and 148 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed: there were significant differences between the two groups for micronucleus frequency (MD=2.02%, 95%CI 1.63% to 2.41%, P<0.000 01) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micro nucleated cells frequency (MD=2.43%, 95%CI 0.10% to 4.76%, P=0.04) in oral epithelial cells.ConclusionThe current evidence shows that micronucleus is associated with PCOS. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusion.