Objective To explore the key technique of allogeneic whole pancreaticoduodenal transplantation (WPDT) in rats. MethodsWPDT model was established between Lewis rats as donors and Wistar rats (with type 1 diabetes mellitus) as recipients. End to side anastomosis was performed in abdominal aorta of donors and recipients. The portal vein of the graft was anastomosed with the recipients left renal vein by cuff technique. And side to side anastomosis was made between the graft duodenum and the host jejunum. ResultsForty-four of 50 rats were successfully performed WPDT. Amongthem, 8 rats died in postoperative 3 days, the survival time of residual 36 rats was 6-16 days, with an average of (10.45±3.30) days. The peak of death appeared on day 7-10 after operation. The typical acute rejection in pathological changes were observed on day 7. ConclusionSkilled microsurgical techniques and emphasis on details are important to establish WPDT model.
ObjectiveTo understand research progress of animal model of esophageal achalasia and discuss its pathogenesis briefly.Method Literatures about research progress of animal model of esophageal achalasia were reviewed. ResultsThe models of esophageal achalasia could been made in several ways, such as the obstruction model, the classic denervation model, and the increasingly popular gene model. These models were all based on the theory of the corresponding causes, with the processing of different factors, then completed the preparation of animal model. Conclusionsanimal model of esophageal achalasia goes through three stages: obstruction model, denervation model, and gene model. gene model of esophageal achalasia based on congenital theory could help us understand this disease better and make an ideal animal model, which could provide a reliable evidence for etiology study.
Objective To study the effect and feasibility of gradual oral diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced liver cirrhotic model in rats under avoirdupois monitoring. Methods Fifty Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups: normal control group （n=10）, traditional DENA induction group (receiving traditional oral DENA treatment, n=20）, gradual DENA induction group (receiving gradual oral DENA treatment under avoirdupois monitoring, n=20). The weight, mortality and liver cirrhosis formation were observed. Results After 4 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(234.9±27.1) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(264.8±33.7) g, P＜0.05〕. After 8 weeks of inducing cirrhosis, the weight of traditional DENA induction group 〔(251.5±34.3) g〕 was significantly lower than that of normal control group 〔(303.2±49.4) g， P＜0.01〕 and gradual DENA induction group 〔(277.5±27.6) g， P＜0.05〕. However, the difference between normal control group and gradual DENA induction group was not remarkable (P＞0.05). The mortality in traditional DENA induction group (35%) was significantly higher than that in normal control group (0) and gradual DENA induction group (0)， P＜0.05. But the rate of cirrhosis formation both in traditional DENA induction group and gradual DENA induction group was 100%. Conclusion Oral DENA induced cirrhotic model in rats is a simple, reproducible and reliable technique. Gradual oral technique, in which DENA is given under avoirdupois monitoring, can improve rat’s security and reduce mortality.
Objective To establ ish the modified model of cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation in rats for investigation of cardiac chronic rejection. Methods Forty healthy male Wistar rats, aged 10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were appl ied as the donor group, and forty healthy male SD rats, aged 10 weeks, weighing 300-350 g, served as the recipient group. The donors’ pulmonary artery was anastomosed to the reci pients’ right external jugular vein by non-suture cuff technique while the donors’ innominate artery was anastomosed to the recipients’ right common carotid artery by suture microvascular anastomosis. All recipients received cyclosporin to prevent acute allograft rejection. Results Forty consecutive successful transplantations were performed. Neither anastomosis leakage nor vessel obstruction occurred. The total operation time was 40-50 minutes. The time of cuff vascular anastomosis was 2-3 minutes and that of microvascular anastomosis was 9-12 minutes. All recipients survived for more than 30 days and all allografts were examined at 30 days after the transplantation. Pathological manifestations of allograft vessels were chronic rejection. Conclusion This modified model of cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation is simple, practical and highly reproducible and is appl icable for investigation of chronic rejection in various organ transplantation studies.
ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of establishment of a artificial joint aseptic loosening mouse model by cobalt-chromium particles stimulation.MethodsTwenty-four 8-week-old male severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The titanium nail was inserted into the tibial medullary cavity of mouse in the two groups to simulate artificial joint prosthesis replacement. And the cobalt-chromium particles were injected into the tibial medullary cavity of mouse in experimental group. The survival of the mouse was observed after operation; the position of the titanium nail and the bone mineral density of proximal femur were observed by X-ray film, CT, and Micro-CT bone scanning; and the degree of dissolution of the bone tissue around the tibia was detected by biomechanical test and histological staining.ResultsTwo mice in experimental group died, and the rest of the mice survived until the experiment was completed. Postoperative imaging examination showed that there was no obvious displacement of titanium nails in control group, and there were new callus around the titanium nails. In experimental group, there was obvious osteolysis around the titanium nails. The bone mineral density of the proximal tibia was 91.25%±0.67%, and the maximum shear force at the tibial nail-bone interface was (5.93±0.85) N in experimental group, which were significantly lower than those in control group [102.07%±1.87% and (16.76±3.09) N] (t=5.462, P=0.041; t=3.760, P=0.046). Histological observation showed that a large number of inflammatory cells could be seen around the titanium nails in experimental group, while there was no inflammatory cells, and obvious bone tissue formation was observed in control group.ConclusionThe artificial joint aseptic loosening mouse model can be successfully established by cobalt-chromium particles stimulation.
目的 探讨川芎嗪对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）脑损伤的保护作用。方法 将72只健康Wistar大鼠按数字表法随机均分为对照组、SAP组和川芎嗪治疗组3组。对照组仅剖腹翻动胰腺后即缝合腹壁； SAP组采用胰腺被膜下均匀注射5%牛磺胆酸钠（2ml/kg体重）制备SAP动物模型；川芎嗪治疗组在SAP建模后5min于大鼠尾静脉注射川芎嗪注射液（100mg/kg体重）。各组大鼠分别于术后第6、12及24 h观察胰腺组织及脑组织的病理改变，检测血清淀粉酶、 脑组织含水量和微血管内白细胞聚集附壁计数，以及脑组织中MDA、TNF-α和IL-1β水平。结果 对照组胰腺组织无明显改变；SAP组胰腺组织腺泡细胞坏死，结构不清，间质水肿，红细胞漏出，部分腺导管扩张，有点片状出血坏死，炎性细胞浸润；川芎嗪治疗组胰腺组织病理改变较同一时相的SAP组明显减轻。对照组脑组织无明显改变；SAP组脑组织神经元细胞水肿，微血管内白细胞聚集及附壁，脑组织内有炎性细胞增生、聚集，且随时间延长上述表现逐渐加重；川芎嗪治疗组脑组织病理改变较同一时相的SAP组明显减轻。SAP组大鼠各时相脑组织含水量和微血管内白细胞聚集附壁计数，脑组织中TNF-α、IL-1β和MDA水平，以及血淀粉酶含量均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）；川芎嗪治疗组大鼠各时相的上述指标均明显低于SAP组（P＜0.05）。结论 大鼠脑组织中的TNF-α、IL-1β及MDA参与了SAP脑损伤的病理过程，川芎嗪对SAP大鼠脑损伤具有保护、治疗作用。
ObjectiveTo research the procedure for creating an animal model of mitral regurgitation by implanting a device through the apical artificial chordae tendineae, and to assess the stability and dependability of the device. MethodsTwelve large white swines were employed in the experiments. Through a tiny hole in the apex of the heart, the artificial chordae tendineae of the mitral valve was inserted under the guidance of transcardiac ultrasonography. Before, immediately after, and one and three months after surgery, cardiac ultrasonography signs were noted. Results All models were successfully established. During the operation and the follow-up, no swines died. Immediately after surgery, the mitral valve experienced moderate regurgitation. Compared with preoperation, there was a variable increase in the amount of regurgitation and the values of heart diameters at a 3-month follow-up (P<0.05). ConclusionIn off-pump, the technique of pulling the mitral valve leaflets with chordae tendineae implanted transapically under ultrasound guidance can stably and consistently create an animal model of mitral regurgitation.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current researches and progress on experimental animal models of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. MethodsDomestic and international literature concerning experimental animal models of avascular necrosis of the femoral head was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsThe methods to prepare the experimental animal models of avascular necrosis of the femoral head can be mainly concluded as traumatic methods (including surgical, physical, and chemical insult), and non-traumatic methods (including steroid, lipopolysaccharide, steroid combined with lipopolysaccharide, steroid combined with horse serum, etc). Each method has both merits and demerits, yet no ideal methods have been developed. ConclusionThere are many methods to prepare the experimental animal models of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, but proper model should be selected based on the aim of research. The establishment of ideal experimental animal models needs further research in future.
Objective To study the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on brain tissue in rats with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE). Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6) and PE model group (n=30). In control group, rats were injected with normal saline by internal carotid artery (0.1 ml/100 g) and were killed on the first day after the injection. In PE model group, rats were injected with phospholipases A2 (0.1 ml/100 g, 1 000 U/0.1 ml) by internal carotid artery, to establish animal model of PE in rat and 10 rats were killed on day 1, 3, 7 respectively after the injection. The changes of water content in the brain were measured. Leucocytes aggregation and margination in the microvessels, and the changes of cerebral cells and nerve fibers were observed. The levels of MDA, TNF-α and the activity of SOD were tested in the brain homogenate in rats. Results In PE model group, water contents of brain increased; The phenomena of leucocytes accumulation and margination, cellular edema of neurons and demyelination of nerve fibers became more obvious; The levels of MDA and TNF-α increased significantly than those in the control group, while the activity of SOD reduced (P＜0．05， P＜0.01)． Conclusion Inthe rat model of PE, MDA, SOD, and TNF-α play important roles on the occurrence and development of brain injury.