Objective To investigate the expression of costimulatory molecules, Fas/FasL, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class II antigens in normal ocular tissues. Methods Twelve eyes were obtained from the eye bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center within 16 to 24 hours postmortem. Six eyes were used for making the retinal wholemounts, and the tissues (iris and ciliary body, choroid, and retina) of the others were used for making the frozen sections. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on these retinal wholemounts as well as on tissue sections to investigate the exprenion of B7-1 and B7-2 (costimulatory molecules), HLA-DR(MHC class II), CD68 (macrophages), Fas/FasL. Results The results of immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of B7-2, FasL, CD68 and HLA-DR in the iris and ciliary body. Expression of B7-1, FasL, CD 68, and HLA-DR was found in the choroid while HLA-DR, CD68 and FasL were detec table in the retina. Conclusion Expression of costimulatory molecu les, MHC-class II molecules and molecules related to apoptosis is different in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and retina, which may play an important role in the stability of the immunological microenvironment of these tissues.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：109-112)
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100A4 protein in tumorstroma of nonsmall cell lung cancer（NSCLC） to study its correlation with invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Methods Immunohistochemical staining（SP method）for S100A4 protein expression was performed in tissue sections from 130 patients with NSCLC operated and to analyze association of S100A4 protein with clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer and prognosis. Results The total positive expression rates of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC was 72.3%. The positive expression rates of S100A4 protein in stroma of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and large cell lung cancer were 84.3%，59.6%，70.0% and 75% respectively.The expression of S100A4 protein was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (χ2=18.91, P=0.000), distant metastasis(χ2=5.51, P=0.019) and TNM stage (χ2=21.54, P=0.000). The 3 years survival rates of patients whose tumourstroma stained positive for S100A4 was lower than that of patients whose tumourstroma stained negative (36.2% vs. 63.9%, P=0.003). Cox’ risk ratio model analysis indicated that age ≤50 years (OR=1.866), lymph node metastasis(OR=1.826), distant metastasis(OR=6.224), lower histology differentiation and undifferentiation (OR=1.793), TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR=2.573) and positive expression of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC(OR=1.776) were significantly independent prognostic factors which affected survival. Conclusion Expression of S100A4 protein in stroma of NSCLC is significantly associated with invasion, metastasis, TNM stage and prognosis. S100A4 protein might become a marker for prediction of tumor progression of disease and clinical therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in burn wounds. METHODS: The FGF expression in the center of wound granulation, the edge of wound, the healed part of wound, the normal skin of patients, and the heal course of second degree burn wounds were detected by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The expression intensity of FGF was different in the different sites of third degree burn wounds. The highest contents of FGF was in the center granulation of burn wounds, the less was in the borderline of wound and healed skin, and the least was in the healed skin. FGF expression mainly concentrated in the middle layer of wound, and almost no FGF expression in normal skin. The most FGF expression was occurred at 14 days after injury in second degree of burn wound. CONCLUSION: The changes of FGF in wounds are closely related to the wound healing, and rational use of FGF can promote wound healing.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) in colorectal carcinoma, cancer-adjacent mucosa （2 cm from the nether edge of tumor）, cancerdistant mucosa （5 cm from the nether edge of tumor） and normal colorectal mucosa, and to elucidate their effects on the development of colorectal carcinoma. MethodsThe expressions of MMP2 and CA50 were detected immunohistochemically in 40 cases of colorectal carcinoma, cancer-adjacent mucosa, cancer-distant mucosa and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa. Results①The expression intensity and positive rates of MMP-2 and CA50 increased significantly in turn by normal mucosa, cancer-distant mucosa, cancer-adjacent mucosa and colorectal carcinoma. ②The expression of MMP2 was correlated with CA50 in colorectal carcinoma. ③The expression of CA50 in colorectal carcinoma was closely associated with tumor differentiation, and the expression of MMP2 in colorectal carcinoma was closely associated with differentiation and Dukes stages as well. ConclusionOver expression of MMP2 facilitates the malignant progress of colorectal carcinoma; CA50 is a reliable marker of malignance in colorectal carcinoma; CA50 and MMP2 may have synergetic effects on the development of colorectal carcinoma.
Objective To observe the apoptosis of hippocampal dentate gyrus in rats with pentrolone model of epilepsy, and detect the significance of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Caspase-3 joint expression. Methods Twelve Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group and control group with 6 in each. Intraperitoneal injection of pentrolone was carried out for rats in the model group, while physiological saline was injected in rats of the control group. After the model was successfully established, we observed the Nissl staining results of hippocampus dentate gyrus tissue in the rats as well as the expression of AIF and Caspase-3 protein in both groups. Results The single visual nerve cell counts of the control group and the model group under 400-times magnification were respectively 99.76±11.89 and 78.69±10.94; Caspase-3 gray values of the two groups were respectively 154.81±16.06 and 131.65±16.81; and AIF protein gray values were respectively 173.09±9.57 and 158.34±6.33. All the above differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The two apoptotic pathways through Caspase-3 dependent on Caspase and AIF independent of Caspase are both involved in the neuronal apoptosis induced by epilepsy.
Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods PTC tissues and its para-cancerous tissues of 50 patients with PTC who treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities from Mar. 2014 to Mar. 2017 were retrospectively collectied, to detect the expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein by immunohistochenmical method. Results ① Expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and para-cancerous tissues: the positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was 82.00% (41/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues〔18.00% (9/50)〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=40.960, P<0.001). The positive-expression rate of Numb protein in PTC tissues was 66.00% (33/50), which was higher than that of para-cancerous tissues 〔0 (0/50) 〕, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=49.254, P<0.001). ② The relationship between expression of Notch-2 protein and expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues: there was a positive correlation between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues (rs=0.323, P=0.022). ③ The relationship between expressions of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues and clinicopathological features of the PTC patients: the expression of Notch-2 protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, capsule infiltration, cervical lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging (P>0.05). The expression of Numb protein in PTC tissues was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor diameter, and capsule infiltration (P>0.05), but was significantly correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P<0.05), the positive rates of Numb protein in patients of staging Ⅲ+Ⅳ group and cervical lymph node metastasis group were lower than those of patients in staging Ⅰ+Ⅱ group and non-cervical lymph node metastasis group. Conclusion The positive-expression rate of Notch-2 protein and Numb protein in PTC tissues are higher than those of para-cancerous tissues, and there is a positive correlation between them in PTC tissues, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect in the course of PTC progression.
Objective To study the expression of p16 and Rb gene in primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC). MethodsFiftysix cases of PGC and 26 of gallbladder benign lesions were observed by immunohistochemistry (SP). ResultsThe positive rates of p16 and Rb protein in PGC were 46.3% and 71.4% respectively. No association of Rb expression with histological grade, histological type, invasion, metastasis and prognosis was found. There were close correlation between p16 expression and invasion, metastasis as well as prognosis. The inverse correlation of p16 and Rb gene expression in PGC was confirmed. Conclusion The loss of p16 or Rb gene protein is an important molecular event in PGC,and closely related to the block in the negative regulatory pathway of all cell cycle. The detection of p16 protein may be useful in evaluating biological characteristics and prognosis in PGC.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of cytochromes b561 (CYB561) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsThe expression of CYB561 mRNA in HCC tissues and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed by database data. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of CYB561 protein in 61 matched HCC tissues and their adjacent tissues, and the relationship between CYB561 protein expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of CYB561 protein and the prognosis of HCC. ResultsThe analysis of database data showed that the relative expression of CYB561 mRNA in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). Compared with HCC patients with negative expression of CYB561 mRNA, HCC patients with positive expression of CYB561 mRNA had worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival (all P<0.05). The results of IHC showed that the positive rates of CYB561 protein in HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were 57.38% (35/61) and 21.31%(13/61), respectively. The former was higher than the latter, with statistical significance (χ2=16.624, P<0.001). Survival analysis showed that the OS of patients with positive expression of CYB561 protein was worse than that of patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the positive expression of CYB561 protein was a risk factor for postoperative OS in HCC patients [HR=3.308, 95%CI (1.344, 8.144), P=0.009]. ConclusionCYB561 is positively expressed in HCC and suggests a worse survival, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Objective To detect the expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in breast cancer， and explore the clinical significance. Methods The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 162 cases of breast cancer . The correlation between CK5/6 expression and Ki-67 expression and the relationship of the expressions of two factors to the clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Results There were 12 cases of the triple negative breast cancer 〔negative estrogen receptor （ER）， negative progesterone receptor （PR）， and negative Her-2〕 in 162 patients with breast cancer. The positive rates of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were 30.9% （50/162） and 65.4% （106/162），respectively. The positive rates of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the patients with triple negative breast cancer were significantly higher than those of non-triple negative breast cancer 〔CK5/6：75.0% （9/12） versus 27.3% （41/150）， χ2=11.837， P=0.001；Ki-67：100% （12/12） versus 62.7% （94/150）， χ2=6.847， P=0.009〕. The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were not associated with age （P＞0.05）， but they were associated with histology grade （P＜0.05）. The expression of CK5/6 wasn’t associated with tumor size and lymph node status （P＞0.05）， but the expression of Ki-67 was associated with them （P＜0.05）. The expression of CK5/6 in the breast cancer tissue had a positive correlation with the expression of Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissue （rs=0.271， P=0.000）. There were 64 cases when the expression of Ki-67 was （＋＋） and （＋＋＋）， the positive rate of CK5/6 was 43.8% （28/64） and it was significantly higher than that when the expression of Ki-67 was （-） and （＋） 〔22.4% （22/98）， χ2=8.233， P=0.004〕. The positive expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissues were negatively correlated with the expressions of ER and PR （CK5/6 and ER：rs=-0.446， P=0.000；CK5/6 and PR：rs=-0.370， P=0.000；Ki-67 and ER：rs=-0.518， P=0.000；Ki-67 and PR：rs=-0.515， P=0.000）. The positive expressions of CK5/6 and Ki-67 in the breast cancer tissue were not correlated with the Her-2 expression （CK5/6 and Her-2：rs=0.105， P=0.183；Ki-67 and Her-2：rs=0.068， P=0.393）. Conclusion The expressions of CK5/6 and Ki67 not only can evaluate the basic rules of breast cancer from origin and development， but also they are beneficial to choose the chemotherapy of different patients.
Objective To determine whether Rb gene is involved in the genesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). MethodsForty paraffin specimens of primary HCCs with corresponding adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues were investigated for Rb protein expression by tissue chip and SP immunohistochemical technique. ResultsLoss of Rb protein expression occurred in 17 of 40 tumor samples, whereas in 4 of 40 adjacent liver tissue samples, only 1 of 40 normal liver tissue specimens showed negative Rb staining.Rb protein deletion in HCC was higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal liver tissues (P＜0.05).Rb protein deletion rate doesn’t correlated remarkably with tumor size or phathology grade of HCC （Pgt;0.05）. ConclusionRb protein deletion may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC.Tissue chip is an effective highthroughput technique platform for the study of tumor molecular pathology.