ObjectiveTo detect the expression of Krüppel like factor 8 (KLF8) in breast cancer tissues and cells and to explore the clinical significance of KLF8.Methods① The Oncomine database was used to analyze the differential expression of KLF8 mRNA in the breast cancer tissues. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the relationship between KLF8 mRNA expression and prognosis (relapse free survival, overall survival, post-progression survival, and distant metastasis-free survival) of patients with breast cancer. ② The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the KLF8 expression levels in the 16 clinical patients with breast cancer and 7 breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-12A, Hs-578T, MCF-7, BT-474, MDA-MB-453, ZR-75-30) and normal breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A, and the immunofluorescence was used to further detect the localization of KLF8 expression in the 2 breast cancer cell lines with higher KLF8 expression level. ③ The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of KLF8 protein in 135 cases of breast cancer tissue microarrays, and the relationships between KLF8 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics or overall survival were analyzed.Results① The Oncomine database showed that KLF8 mRNA expression in the breast cancer tissues was higher than that in the normal breast tissues (P<0.001). The median KLF8 mRNA expression level was taken as the cut-off point for high or low KLF8 expression. The results of Kaplan-Meier Plotter data analysis showed that the prognosis (relapse free survival, overall survival, postprogression survival, and distant metastasis-free survival) of patients with low KLF8 mRNA expression were better than those of patients with high KLF8 mRNA expression (P<0.05). ② The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot all showed that the KLF8 mRNA and protein expression levels in the breast cancer tissues were higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues (P=0.002, P<0.001). In addition, the Western blot results showed that the expression of KLF8 protein in the 7 breast cancer cell lines was higher than that in the normal breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A respectively, and KLF8 protein mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and highly expressed in the nuclear of a few cells. ③ There were 63 cases of high KLF8 expression and 72 cases of low KLF8 expression by the immunohistochemical analysis of 135 patients with breast cancer tissue microarray (the H-score of the immunohistochemical test results was 75 as the cut-off point, H-score >75 was the high KLF8 expression and H-score ≤75 was the low KLF8 expression), the differences of statuses of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) between the patient with high KLF8 expression and low KLF8 expression were significant (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with high KLF8 expression was worse than that of patients with low KLF8 expression (P=0.002). The univariate analysis showed that the TNM stage, statuses of ER and PR, and KLF8 expression were related to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (P<0.05), further multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that the later stage of TNM and high KLF8 expression were the independent risk factors (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that KLF8 highly expresses in both breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells, which is related to the statuses of ER and PR and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. KLF8 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer as an oncogenic gene, or it might provide a new direction for prognosis judgment and molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore the association of pretreatment hyponatremia with clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched from the inception to July 12, 2021 for relevant literatures. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. The relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were combined to assess the relationship between pretreatment hyponatremia and clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics. The prognostic indicators included the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). All statistical analysis was conducted by the STATA 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 10 high-quality studies (NOS score≥6 points) involving 10 045 patients were enrolled and all participants were from Asian or European regions. The pooled results demonstrated that male [RR=1.18, 95%CI (1.02, 1.36), P=0.026], non-adenocarcinoma [RR=0.86, 95%CI (0.81, 0.91), P＜0.001] and TNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage [RR=1.17, 95%CI (1.12, 1.21), P＜0.001] patients were more likely to experience hyponatremia. Besides, pretreatment hyponatremia was significantly related to worse OS [HR=1.83, 95%CI (1.53, 2.19), P＜0.001] and PFS [HR=1.54, 95%CI (1.02, 2.34), P=0.040]. Pretreatment hyponatremia was a risk factor for poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. ConclusionMale, non-adenocarcinoma and advance stage NSCLC patients are more likely to experience hyponatremia. Meanwhile, the pretreatment sodium level can be applied as one of the prognostic evaluation indicators in NSCLC and patients with hyponatremia are more likely to have poor survival. However, more researches are still needed to verify above findings.
ObjectiveTo detect expressions of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) and microRNA-320a (miR-320a) in thyroid cancer and explore clinical significances of them in thyroid cancer.MethodsThe expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer were investigated by searching the Ualcan database. While the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in 80 cases of thyroid cancer, 35 cases of thyroid adenoma and 32 cases of normal thyroid tissues adjacent to thyroid adenoma tissues in the Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 were tested. Real time PCR was used to detect the expressions of TRPC5 mRNA and miR-320a mRNA in the various tissues and Western blot was used to detect the TRPC5 protein in the thyroid cancer tissues. Therelationships between the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNAs and clinicopathologic features of thyroid cancer were analyzed. The correlation between expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA was analyzed by Pearson method. The risk factors influencing the prognosis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe results of Ualcan database showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA in the thyroid cancer was higher than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001), while the expression level of miR-320a mRNA was lower than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001). The results of clinical cases showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA was significantly higher, while the expression of miR-320a mRNA was significantly lower in the thyroid cancer tissues as compared with the normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the expression level of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer (r=−0.653, P<0.001). The expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA were correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis found that the patients with higher expression level of TRPC5 and lower expression level of miR-320a showed the poor prognosis, and multivariate analysis found that the lower tumor differentiation, later TNM stage, with lymph node metastasis, higher expression level of TRPC5 mRNA, and lower expression level of miR-320a mRNA were the risk factors affecting prognostic survival (P<0.05).ConclusionsFrom the database and clinical case data, it is concluded that TRPC5 mRNA is highly expressed, while miR-320a mRNA is lowly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues, and expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA are related to degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer. TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA might be used as potential indicators for clinical and prognostic monitoring.
Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic aspect of basaloid squamous carcinoma （BSC）. Methods From July 2000 to May 2003, the clinical data of 1 257 documented cases that underwent potentially curative resection on esophageal carcinoma in our department were retrospectively analysed, and 18 cases of BSC （BSC group） were detected. And 54 cases of typical squamous carcinoma of esophagus（ESC） were randomly selected as control （ESC group）, to analyse the clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of BSC patients. Results The age of BSC group patients was higher than that of ESC group （61. 56 ± 7. 62 years vs. 56.11± 10. 58 years; t=-2. 012,P=0. 048）, and the ratio of T4 stage was much higher than that in ESC group （27.8% vs. 5.6%;x2= 6. 750, P= 0. 020）. The follow-up showed that, comparing with ESC group, the ratio of metastasis was higher（62.5% vs. 25.0%, P=0. 047）, and mean survival time（P〈0.05） was significantly shorter in patients of BSC group after curative resection. There were no statisticaly differences in patient gender （P = 0. 494）, or ratio of recurrence （P=0. 887） between two groups. Conclusion The BSC is a rare carcinoma involving esophagus, which occurs in elder patients. Both invasiveness and metastasis of BSC are more usual than those of typical ESC.
Objective To investigate the prognostic differences and decision-making role in postoperative radiotherapy of four molecular subtypes in pT1-2N1M0 stage breast cancer. Methods The clinicopathological data of 1526 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. χ2 test was used to compare the clinicopathological features among patients with different molecular subtypes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to draw the survival curves and compare the overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among patients with different molecular subtypes. Cox regression model was used to determine the influencing factors of OS of patients after radical mastectomy. Results Among the 1526 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer, there were 674 cases (44.2%) of Luminal A subtype, 530 cases (34.7%) of Luminal B subtype, 174 cases (11.4%) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) overexpression subtype, and 148 cases (9.7%) of triple-negative subtype. The 5-year OS rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, Her-2 overexpression and triple negative patients were 98.6%, 94.3%, 95.5% and 91.2%, respectively (χ2=11.712, P=0.001), and the 5-year BCSS rates were 99.3%, 94.6%, 95.5% and 92.5%, respectively (χ2=18.547, P<0.001). Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that menstrual status [hazard ratio (HR)=0.483, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.253, 0.923), P=0.028] and whether endocrine therapy [HR=2.021, 95%CI (1.012, 4.034), P=0.046] were prognostic factors for the 5-year OS rate of breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy (P<0.05). However, it failed to reveal that Luminal subtypes and postoperative radiotherapy were prognostic factors for the 5-year OS rate (P>0.05). Conclusions In pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients, the 5-year OS rate and 5-year BCSS rate in triple-negative patients are the lowest. The relationship between Luminal classification, postoperative radiotherapy and survival in patients after radical mastectomy needs further study in the future.
Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Methods Thyroid function data, general clinical data and data reflecting pathological characteristics of breast cancer of 136 breast cancer patients admitted to the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People’s Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2019 to April 2022 were collected. According to the TPOAb and TGAb antibody levels of patients, 136 breast cancer patients were divided into positive group (antibody level ≥60 U/mL) and negative group (antibody level < 60 U/mL). The general clinical data, thyroid function, breast cancer markers, tumor size, pathological classification, clinical TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and immunohistochemical index expression characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the TPOAb positive group and the TPOAb negative group, as well as between the TgAb positive group and the TgAb negative group in terms of age, previous chronic medical history, surgical medical history and menstrual status of breast cancer patients (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the results of preoperative ultrasound and molybdenum target examination (P>0.05).Compared with the TPOAb negative group, the level of triiodothyronine (T3) in the TPOAb positive group was lower (P=0.020), and the level of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) was higher (P=0.001). TSH level in the TgAb positive group was higher than that in the TgAb negative group (P=0.036). There was no significant difference in tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125 and 153) and the number of lymph nodes cleared during operation between the positive and negative groups of TPOAb and TgAb (P>0.05). Compared with the respective negative groups, there was no significant difference tumor size, pathological classification, clinical TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, pathological molecular classification, and the expression of ER, PR and Ki-67 in the TPOAb positive group and the TgAb positive group (P>0.05). The positive rate of HER-2 expression in the TPOAb positive group was higher than that in the TPOAb negative group (P=0.033). There was no significant difference in HER-2 expression between the TgAb positive group and the TgAb negative group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the TPOAb positive group and the TPOAb negative group, as well as the TgAb positive group and the TgAb negative group in terms of chemotherapy, invasive carcinoma with carcinoma in situ, with benign lesions and nerve invasion (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between TPOAb positive group and negative group in vascular tumor thrombus rate and single cancer focus rate (P>0.05). Compared with the TgAb negative group, the TgAb positive group had a lower vascular tumor thrombus rate (P=0.034) and a higher single cancer focus rate (P=0.045). Conclusions Thyroid autoantibodies positive breast cancer patients have lower T3 level and higher TSH level, and the positive expression of thyroid autoantibodies is related to HER-2 expression, vascular tumor thrombus and the number of tumor foci in breast cancer. It suggests that thyroid autoantibodies TPOAb and TgAb may have an impact on the prognosis of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins expressions in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to its clinicopathologic features and prognosis. MethodsThe expressions of EMT related proteins (Vimentin, E-cadherin, and MMP2) in the 118 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and 30 cases of corresponding normal breast tissues adjacent to cancer were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of EMT related proteins expressions to age, tumor site, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, TNM stage or prognosis of the patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast was analyzed. Results①The positive rates of the Vimentin protein and MMP2 protein in the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were significantly higher than those in the corresponding normal breast tissues adjacent to cancer﹝Vimentin protein: 50.8% (60/118) versus 10.0% (3/30), P < 0.05; MMP2 protein: 63.6% (75/118) versus 6.7% (2/30), P < 0.05﹞, the positive rate of E-cadherin in the invasive ductal carcinoma of breast was significantly lower than that in the corresponding normal breast tissues adjacent to cancer ﹝56.8% (67/118) versus 93.3% (28/30), P < 0.05﹞.②The positive rate of the Vimentin protein expression in the invasive ductal carcinoma tissue was positively related with the lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (rs=0.346, P < 0.05; rs=0.231, P < 0.05). The positive rate of the E-cadherin or MMP2 protein expression was negatively or positively related with the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and TNM stage (E-cadherin: rs=-0.444, P < 0.05; rs=-0.493, P < 0.05; rs=-0.323, P < 0.05; rs=-0.474, P < 0.05. MMP2: rs=0.361, P < 0.05; rs=0.434, P < 0.05; rs=0.396, P < 0.05; rs=0.376, P < 0.05).③The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the positive expressions of Vimentin and MMP2 were stronger, the tumor free survival time was shorter (P < 0.05), and the positive expression of E-cadherin was stronger, the tumor free survival time was longer (P < 0.05). ConclusionJoint detection of EMT related proteins (Vimentin, E-cadherin, MMP2) of invasive ductal carcinoma tissue of breast could predict the pathological grade and clinical stage, as well as effective prognosis of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast in clinical.
ObjectiveBy analyzing the correlation between the clinicopathological features of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and their postoperative survival, this study is aimed to identify new and accurate prognostic indicators on the prognoses to provide a reference of the treatment strategy selection for patients with CRLM. MethodsThe clinical data of 233 patients with CRLM who received operation treatments in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of the Second Military Medical University from January 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively investigated, and their clinicopathological features, as well as their prognosis were analyzed. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival rates were analyzed by log-rank test. Parametric survival analysis was used to identify predictors of cancer-specific survival. ResultsThe median survival time after cancer resection was 37.0 months, with cumulative 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of 93.0%, 61.0%, and 17.0%, respectively. The median survival time, with cumulative 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of patients who had received radical operations was better than the others who received palliative operations:40.53 months vs 27.20 months, 59.0% vs 29.0%, and 20.0% vs 0(P < 0.05), respectively. In overall surviva, the results of univariate analysis showed that 13 factors, including surgical method, the first relapse after liver metastasis resection, the number of liver metastases, surgical margin, other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, whether any chronic liver disease was associ-ated, preoperative serum CEA level, preoperative serum CA19-9 leve, the position of the liver metastases, whether the liver metastasis capsule was complete, TNM stagethe of primary cancer, whether the liver metastasis was simultaneous liver metastases, and the maximum diameter of the liver metastases, were closely related to the clinicopathological features associated with prognosis and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that received palliative operations, simultaneous liver metastases, there were other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, liver metastases without a complete capsule, the number of liver metastases appeared as multiple and widedistribution, unassociated chronic liver disease of the patients, the maximum diameter of the liver metastases>3 cm, were the independent risk factors affecting the postoperative survival of the patients with CRLM (P < 0.05). ConclusionsIt is important for long-term survival of patients with CRLM who were received operations. Received palliative operations, simultaneous liver metastases, there were other unresectable extrahepatic metastases or resectable invasion in blood vessels or the surrounding tissue, liver metastases without a complete capsule, the number of liver metastases appeared as multiple and widedistribution, unassociated chronic liver disease of the patients, the maximum diameter of the liver metastases>3 cm, were the independent risk factors affecting the postoperative survival of the patients with CRLM.
Objective To systematically evaluate the association between Caveolin-1 and gastric cancer, as well as its clinical pathologic features. Methods Databases including Wanfang, VIP, CNKI and PubMed were searched to identify case-control studies involving the association between Caveolin-1 and gastric cancer as well as its clinical pathologic features from January 2000 to May 2017. The literatures were screened and the methodological quality was assessed, then RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 case-control studies were collected after screening, including 1 380 cases of gastric cancer, with Caveolin-1 expressed positive in 286 cases; 295 cases of non-carcinoma control, with Caveolin-1 expressed positive in 264 cases; 238 cases of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, with Caveolin-1 expressed positive in 180 cases. Results of Meta-analysis indicated that: as for Caveolin-1 expression, significant differences were found in non-carcinoma vs. gastric cancer [odds ratio (OR)=23.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) (15.19, 37.11), P<0.000 01], precancerous lesions of gastric cancer vs. gastric cancer [OR=6.58, 95%CI (4.52, 9.58), P<0.000 01], and non-carcinoma control vs. precancerous lesions of gastric cancer [OR=2.88, 95%CI (1.58, 5.25), P=0.000 6]. Significant differences were also found between Caveolin-1 expression and gastric cancer clinical pathologic features in undifferentiated vs. differentiated tissue [OR=0.48, 95%CI (0.33, 0.70), P=0.000 1], and without vs. with lymph node metastasis [OR=3.19, 95%CI (1.77, 5.74), P=0.000 1]. Conclusions Caveolin-1 expression is lesser in most gastric cancer patients than in the controls, and is closely associated with its clinical pathologic features. Due to limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the conclusion of Caveolin-1 as a tumor marker in gastric cancer.