ObjectiveTo elucidate the clinical and pathological features and review the progress of diagnosis and treatment in patients with brain metastasis (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), so as to provide a reference for the whole process management for patients with BM from CRC in China.MethodThe latest research results and previous literatures about patients with BM from CRC were reviewed.ResultsThe prognosis of BM from CRC was poor, its molecular pathological mechanism was complex and diverse, and some risk factors associated with the occurrence of BM had been identified. Typical imaging features of BM from CRC were helpful to the diagnosis of patients. At present, radiotherapy was still the main treatment. Bevacizumab treatment or immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy was expected to improve the survival of BM from CRC.ConclusionScientific and standardized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are beneficial to reduce incidence of BM from CRC and improve survival.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and to provide basis for individualized diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe patients who underwent the first thyroid surgery in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2017 to September 15, 2020 and were pathologically diagnosed as PTC were collected. According to the presence or absence of DM, the clinical features were compared.ResultsThere were 2859 patients without DM and 133 patients with DM in 2992 patients. In patients with or without DM, there were no differences in lymph node metastasis, multiple, bilateral tumors, and extrathyroid invasion between the two groups (P>0.05). However, compared with the PTC patients without DM, the proportion of women with DM was lower (58.65% versus 76.71%, P<0.01), the proportions of age >55 years old (92.48% versus 66.32%, P<0.01) and capsule invasion (67.21% versus 63.11%, P=0.04) with DM were higer. After adjusting for age and gender, the multivariate analysis showed that the risks of larger tumor and capsular invasion in the patients with DM was 1.51 times [95%CI (1.06, 2.16), P=0.02] and 1.75 times [95%CI (1.16, 2.64), P<0.01] respectively as compared with in the patients without DM.ConclusionsIn PTC patients with DM, proportion of women is lower, proportions of elderly population (age >55 years old) and patients with capsular invasion are higer, tumor is larger. Therefore, patients with DM must not neglect regular examination of thyroid morphology and function, and PTC patients should also pay attention to control of blood glucose.
Objective To investigate the prognostic differences and decision-making role in postoperative radiotherapy of four molecular subtypes in pT1-2N1M0 stage breast cancer. Methods The clinicopathological data of 1526 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. χ2 test was used to compare the clinicopathological features among patients with different molecular subtypes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to draw the survival curves and compare the overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among patients with different molecular subtypes. Cox regression model was used to determine the influencing factors of OS of patients after radical mastectomy. Results Among the 1526 patients with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer, there were 674 cases (44.2%) of Luminal A subtype, 530 cases (34.7%) of Luminal B subtype, 174 cases (11.4%) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) overexpression subtype, and 148 cases (9.7%) of triple-negative subtype. The 5-year OS rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, Her-2 overexpression and triple negative patients were 98.6%, 94.3%, 95.5% and 91.2%, respectively (χ2=11.712, P=0.001), and the 5-year BCSS rates were 99.3%, 94.6%, 95.5% and 92.5%, respectively (χ2=18.547, P<0.001). Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that menstrual status [hazard ratio (HR)=0.483, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.253, 0.923), P=0.028] and whether endocrine therapy [HR=2.021, 95%CI (1.012, 4.034), P=0.046] were prognostic factors for the 5-year OS rate of breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy (P<0.05). However, it failed to reveal that Luminal subtypes and postoperative radiotherapy were prognostic factors for the 5-year OS rate (P>0.05). Conclusions In pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients, the 5-year OS rate and 5-year BCSS rate in triple-negative patients are the lowest. The relationship between Luminal classification, postoperative radiotherapy and survival in patients after radical mastectomy needs further study in the future.
ObjectiveTo detect expressions of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) and microRNA-320a (miR-320a) in thyroid cancer and explore clinical significances of them in thyroid cancer.MethodsThe expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer were investigated by searching the Ualcan database. While the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in 80 cases of thyroid cancer, 35 cases of thyroid adenoma and 32 cases of normal thyroid tissues adjacent to thyroid adenoma tissues in the Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 were tested. Real time PCR was used to detect the expressions of TRPC5 mRNA and miR-320a mRNA in the various tissues and Western blot was used to detect the TRPC5 protein in the thyroid cancer tissues. Therelationships between the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNAs and clinicopathologic features of thyroid cancer were analyzed. The correlation between expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA was analyzed by Pearson method. The risk factors influencing the prognosis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe results of Ualcan database showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA in the thyroid cancer was higher than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001), while the expression level of miR-320a mRNA was lower than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001). The results of clinical cases showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA was significantly higher, while the expression of miR-320a mRNA was significantly lower in the thyroid cancer tissues as compared with the normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the expression level of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer (r=−0.653, P<0.001). The expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA were correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis found that the patients with higher expression level of TRPC5 and lower expression level of miR-320a showed the poor prognosis, and multivariate analysis found that the lower tumor differentiation, later TNM stage, with lymph node metastasis, higher expression level of TRPC5 mRNA, and lower expression level of miR-320a mRNA were the risk factors affecting prognostic survival (P<0.05).ConclusionsFrom the database and clinical case data, it is concluded that TRPC5 mRNA is highly expressed, while miR-320a mRNA is lowly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues, and expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA are related to degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer. TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA might be used as potential indicators for clinical and prognostic monitoring.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of CD133 and CD44 protein in primary lesions of gastric cancer and its clinical significance. MethodsThe expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein in gastric cancer tissues of 100 patients with gastric cancer were detected by immunohistocheimcal stainings.The relation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic characters were analyzed. ResultsBoth CD44 and CD133 protein were expressed on the cell membranes.No correlation were found between CD44/CD133 and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender and age (P > 0.05), but the positive expression rate of CD44/CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (CD44 P=0.150;CD133 P=0.056), and correlated with the tissue differentiation (CD44 P=0.008;CD133 P=0.007), vascular invasion (CD44 P=0.043;CD133 P=0.023), lymphatic vessel invasion (CD44 P=0.020;CD133 P=0.044), lymph nodes metastasis (CD44 P=0.002;CD133 P=0.004), inva-sion depth of tumor (CD44 P=0.006;CD133 P=0.021), and pTNM stage (CD44 P=0.034;CD133 P=0.001).No correlation were found between the co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters include gender, age, tissue differentiation, and vascular invasion (P > 0.05), but the positive co-expression rate of CD44 and CD133 with diameter>5 cm was significantly higher than that tumor with diameter≤5 cm (P=0.010), and correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.003), lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.045), invasion depth of tumor (P=0.041), and pTNM stage (P=0.049).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expressions of CD44 and CD133 protein (r=0.207, P=0.039).Univariate analysis showed that lymph nodes metastasis (P < 0.001), pTNM stages (P=0.013), CD44 protein expression (P=0.005), CD133 protein expression (P=0.002), and co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with 3-year survival rate of pati-ents with gastric cancer respectively.Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) was independent risk factor for co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein.Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression models showed that co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein (P=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.006) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. ConclusionsCD44 and CD133 protein may be considered as robust cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer.The co-expression of CD44 and CD133 protein is the independent prognosis factor for gastric cancer and strongly associated with poor prognosis when they are expressed more high.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of CD133 protein in primary lesions of gastric cancer and its clinical significance. MethodsThe expressions of CD133 protein in the primary lesion of tumor and normal gastric mucosa tissues confirmed by using histopathologic examination of 99 patients were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of CD133 protein expression with the clinicopathologic parameters and features after operation were analyzed. ResultsPositive cells of CD133 protein were localized in the gland parietal and cell membrane surface. The expression of CD133 protein in the cancer and normal gastric mucosa tissues were 29.29% (29/99) and zero, respectively (P=0.000). Expression of CD133 protein in tumor with diameter gt;5 cm was significantly higher than that in the tumor with diameter ≤5 cm (P=0.041). The expression of CD133 protein was correlated with TNM stage (P=0.044), lymph node metastasis (P=0.017), lymphatic vessel invasion (P=0.000), and vascular invasion (P=0.000). Logistic regression analysis revealed that invasion depth of tumor (P=0.011), lymph node metastasis (P=0.043), and TNM stage (P＝0.049) were independent risk factors for CD133 protein expression. Survival time of patients with positive expression of CD133 protein was significantly shorter than that negative expression of CD133 protein (P＝0.046). Cox proportial hazard regression model analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasis (P=0.042), TNM stage (P=0.046), and positive expression of CD133 protein (P=0.046) were independent risk factors for patients survival. ConclusionThe CD133 protein expression in primary lesions is closely related with development, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients with different expression status of estrogen receptor (ER). MethodsThe patients with HER2-negative breast cancer met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected, and then were assigned into 3 groups according to the ER expression status: ER-negative (ER expression positive rate <1%) group, ER-low expression (ER expression positive rate 1%–10%) group, and ER expression positive rate >10% group. The differences of clinicopathologic characteristics, therapy, and prognosis among the 3 groups were compared. And the risk factors affecting recurrence and metastasis of patients with ER-low expression were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. ResultsA total of 610 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer were included in this study, including 130 patients in the ER-negative group, 48 patients in the ER-low expression group, and 432 patients in the ER expression positive rate >10% group. The Bonferroni method was used to correct the test level after pairwise comparison, it was found that the histological grade was later (P<0.001, P=0.023) and the Ki-67 expression was higher (P<0.001, P=0.023) in the ER-negative group and ER-low expression group as compared with the ER expression positive rate >10% group; The proportion of the patients receiving chemotherapy in the ER-negative group was higher than that of the ER expression positive rate >10% group (χ2=10.310, P=0.001), while which had no statistical difference between the ER-low expression group and the ER-negative group or the ER expression positive rate >10% group (Fisher exact probability method, P=1.000; χ2= 3.585, P=0.058); The proportion of patients receiving endocrine therapy in the ER-low expression group was higher than that in the ER-negative group (χ2=36.333, P<0.001) and lower than the ER expression positive rate >10% group (χ2=246.996, P<0.001). The difference in disease-free survival (DFS) curves among 3 groups was statistically significant (χ2=46.805, P<0.001); There were no statistical differences in the overall survival (OS) curve and DFS curve between the ER-negative group and the ER-low expression group (Two stage test, P=0.786; χ2=1.141, P=0.286), and which in the ER expression positive rate >10% group were significantly better than thoses in the ER-negative group (χ2=10.137, P=0.001; χ2=39.344, P<0.001) and the ER-low expression group (χ2=4.075, P=0.044; χ2=31.911, P<0.001). The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that N1 and N2 [N0 as reference: RR (95%CI)=7.740 (1.939, 30.897), P=0.004; RR (95%CI)=9.513 (1.990, 45.478), P=0.005) and T3 [T1 as reference: RR (95%CI)=27.357 (2.188, 342.041), P=0.010] increased the probabilities of recurrence and metastasis HER2-negative breast cancer patients with ER-low expression. ConclusionsAccording to results of this study, patients with HER2-negative breast cancer showed certain differences in histological grade and Ki-67 expression among patients with three different ER expression status, but no statistical difference is found between ER-low expression and ER-negative breast cancer, and the prognoses of both are worse than that of ER expression positive rate >10% breast cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis and larger tumor are risk factors affecting recurrence and metastasis in ER-low expression breast cancer patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features of ESCC. MethodsThis study included 54 patients with primary ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy in Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2010 and November 2012. There were 47 males and 7 females with median age of 61 years (range, 45 to 82 years). Forty patients were in stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ and 14 patients in stage Ⅲ a+b. Expression of miR-155 was determined by SYBR Green qRT-PCR in ESCC tissue and corresponding adjacent normal mucosa in surgical samples from the 54 patients, and its correlation with clinicopathological features was analyzed. ResultsExpression of miR-155 was significantly lower in ESCC tissue than that in adjacent normal mucosa (Z=-4.258, P=0.000).Expression level of miR-155 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.040), but not significantly correlated with smoking (P=0.430), drinking (P=0.429), age (P=0.769), gender (P=0.671), depth of invasion (P=0.230), differentiation degree (P=0.896) or pTNM (P=0.407) of ESCC. ConclusionUnder-regulation of miR- 155 expression in ESCC tissue may lead to disorders of inflammation response, immune response and relevant tumor suppressor, and may play a significant role in carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC.