| 1. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 187(4): 347-365.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 2. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med, 2006, 3(11): e442.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 3. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Zhong N, Wang C, Yao W, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176(8): 753-760.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 4. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Brantigan OC, Mueller E, Kress MB. A surgical approach to pulmonary emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1959, 80(1, Part 2): 194-206.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 5. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Fessler HE, Permutt S. Lung volume reduction surgery and airflow limitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1998, 157(3 Pt 1): 715-722.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 6. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Martinez FJ, de Oca MM, Whyte RI, et al. Lung-volume reduction improves dyspnea, dynamic hyperinflation, and respiratory muscle function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1997, 155(6): 1984-1990.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 7. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Ingenito EP, Loring SH, Moy ML, et al. Physiological characterization of variability in response to lung volume reduction surgery. J Appl Physiol, 1985, 2003, 94(1): 20-30.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 8. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Gorman RB, McKenzie DK, Butler JE, et al. Diaphragm length and neural drive after lung volume reduction surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005, 172(10): 1259-1266.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 9. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Fishman A, Martinez F, Naunheim K, et al. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med, 2003, 348(21): 2059-2073.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 10. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Tutic M, Lardinois D, Imfeld S, et al. Lung-volume reduction surgery as an alternative or bridging procedure to lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(1): 208-213.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 11. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Meyers BF, Yusen RD, Guthrie TJ, et al. Outcome of bilateral lung volume reduction in patients with emphysema potentially eligible for lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2001, 122(1): 10-17.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 12. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Wisser W, Deviatko E, Simon-Kupilik N, et al. Lung transplantation following lung volume reduction surgery. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2000, 19(5): 480-487.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 13. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Senbaklavaci O, Wisser W, Ozpeker C, et al. Successful lung volume reduction surgery brings patients into better condition for later lung transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2002, 22(3): 363-367.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 14. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Shitrit D, Fink G, Sahar G, et al. Successful lung transplantation following lung volume reduction surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2003, 51(5): 274-276.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 15. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Stirling GR, Babidge WJ, Peacock MJ, et al. Lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema: a systematic review. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 72(2): 641-648.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 16. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Naunheim KS, Kaiser LR, Bavaria JE, et al. Long-term survival after thoracoscopic lung volume reduction: a multiinstitutional review. Ann Thorac Surg, 1999, 68(6): 2026-2031.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 17. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        de Perrot M, Licker M, Spiliopoulos A. Muscle-sparing anterior thoracotomy for one-stage bilateral lung volume reduction operation. Ann Thorac Surg, 1998, 66(2): 582-585.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 18. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Cooper JD, Trulock EP, Triantafillou AN, et al. Bilateral pneumectomy (volume reduction) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1995, 109(1): 106-116.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 19. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Cooper JD, Patterson GA, Sundaresan RS, et al. Results of 150 consecutive bilateral lung volume reduction procedures in patients with severe emphysema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 112(5): 1319-1330.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 20. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Boley TM, Reid AJ, Manning BT, et al. Sternotomy or bilateral thoracoscopy: pain and postoperative complications after lung-volume reduction surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2012, 41(1): 14-18.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 21. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Olbrecht VA, Barreiro CJ, Bonde PN, et al. Clinical outcomes of noninfectious sternal dehiscence after median sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(3): 902-907.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 22. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Kotloff RM, Tino G, Bavaria JE, et al. Bilateral lung volume reduction surgery for advanced emphysema. A comparison of median sternotomy and thoracoscopic approaches. Chest, 1996, 110(6): 1399-1406.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 23. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Wisser W, Tschernko E, Senbaklavaci O, et al. Functional improvement after volume reduction: sternotomy versus videoendoscopic approach. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997, 63(3): 822-828.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 24. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        McKenna RJ, Jr., Brenner M, Fischel RJ, et al. Should lung volume reduction for emphysema be unilateral or bilateral? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1996, 112(5): 1331-1339.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 25. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Ko CY, Waters PF. Lung volume reduction surgery: a cost and outcomes comparison of sternotomy versus thoracoscopy. Am Surg, 1998, 64(10): 1010-1013.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 26. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Puc MM, Sonnad SS, Shrager JB. Early outcomes after bilateral thoracoscopy versus median sternotomy for lung volume reduction. Innovations (Phila), 2010, 5(2): 97-102.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 27. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        McKenna RJ Jr., Benditt JO, DeCamp M, et al. Safety and efficacy of median sternotomy versus video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung volume reduction surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2004, 127(5): 1350-1360.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 28. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Ginsburg ME, Thomashow BM, Bulman WA, et al. The safety, efficacy, and durability of lung-volume reduction surgery: A 10-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2016, 151(3): 717-724 e711.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 29. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Clark SJ, Zoumot Z, Bamsey O, et al. Surgical approaches for lung volume reduction in emphysema. Clin Med (Lond), 2014, 14(2): 122-127.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 30. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Serna DL, Brenner M, Osann KE, et al. Survival after unilateral versus bilateral lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1999, 118(6): 1101-1109.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 31. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Lowdermilk GA, Keenan RJ, Landreneau RJ, et al. Comparison of clinical results for unilateral and bilateral thoracoscopic lung volume reduction. Ann Thorac Surg, 2000, 69(6): 1670-1674.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 32. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        姜格宁, 丁嘉安, 童稳圃, 等. 肺减容术治疗重度肺气肿 43 例疗效分析. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2002, 18(5): 287-289.0.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 33. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        胡滨, 侯生才, 李辉, 等. 单双侧肺减容术后早期肺功能及肺血流动力学的变化. 中华外科杂志, 2007, 45(8): 552-554.0.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 34. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Geiser T, Schwizer B, Krueger T, et al. Outcome after unilateral lung volume reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2001, 20(4): 674-678.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 35. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Brenner M, McKenna RJ, Jr, Gelb AF, et al. Rate of FEV1 change following lung volume reduction surgery. Chest, 1998, 113(3): 652-659.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 36. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Oey IF, Morgan MD, Spyt TJ, et al. Staged bilateral lung volume reduction surgery - the benefits of a patient-led strategy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2010, 37(4): 846-852.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 37. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        张淼, 潘雪峰, 张辉. 分期双侧单孔胸腔镜肺减容术的临床分析 . 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2016, 23(1): 25-28.0.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 38. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group, Fishman A, Fessler H, Martinez F, et al. Patients at high risk of death after lung-volume-reduction surgery. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(15): 1075-1083.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 39. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Naunheim KS, Wood DE, Krasna MJ, et al. Predictors of operative mortality and cardiopulmonary morbidity in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 131(1): 43-53.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 40. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        DeCamp MM, Blackstone EH, Naunheim KS, et al. Patient and surgical factors influencing air leak after lung volume reduction surgery: lessons learned from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(1): 197-206.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 41. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Kaplan RM, Sun Q, Ries AL. Quality of well-being outcomes in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Chest, 2015, 147(2): 377-387.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 42. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Gompelmann D, Eberhardt R, Herth F. Endoscopic volume reduction in COPD- a critical review. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2014, 111(49): 827-833.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 43. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Eberhardt R, Gompelmann D, Herth FJ, et al. Endoscopic bronchial valve treatment: patient selection and special considerations. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2015, 10: 2147-2157.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 44. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Sciurba FC, Ernst A, Herth FJ, et al. A randomized study of endobronchial valves for advanced emphysema. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(13): 1233-1244.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 45. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Shah PL, Herth FJ. Current status of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves. Thorax, 2014, 69(3): 280-286.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 46. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Davey C, Zoumot Z, Jordan S, et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves for patients with heterogeneous emphysema and intact interlobar fissures (the BeLieVeR-HIFi study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2015, 386(9998): 1066-1073.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 47. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Shah PL, Slebos DJ, Cardoso PF, et al. Bronchoscopic lung-volume reduction with Exhale airway stents for emphysema (EASE trial): randomised, sham-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 2011, 378(9795): 997-1005.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 48. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Slebos DJ, Klooster K, Ernst A, et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil treatment of patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema. Chest, 2012, 142(3): 574-582.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 49. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Deslee G, Klooster K, Hetzel M, et al. Lung volume reduction coil treatment for patients with severe emphysema: a European multicentre trial. Thorax, 2014, 69(11): 980-986.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 50. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Hartman JE, Klooster K, Gortzak K, et al. Long-term follow-up after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction treatment with coils in patients with severe emphysema. Respirology, 2015, 20(2): 319-326.
				                                                                 | 
				                                                            
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 51. | 
				                                                                				                                                                       
				                                                                        Snell G, Herth FJ, Hopkins P, et al. Bronchoscopic thermal vapour ablation therapy in the management of heterogeneous emphysema. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(6): 1326-1333.
				                                                                 |